Neurogenic Communication Disorders Flashcards
Dementia is due to degenerative diseases of the ___
CNS
Three types of dementia based on their location
Cortical dementia = cerebral cortex
Subcortical dementia = basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem
Mixed dementia = cortical + subcortical structures
Cortical dementia examples
Alzheimer’s disease
Pick’s disease
Primary progressive aphasia
Most common subcortical dementia
Parkinson’s Disease
PD is due to deterioration of _____ in the basal ganglia + brainstem which inhibit neuronal activity and prevent unintended movements
Dopamine producing neurons
Early stage signs of PD
Micrographia
Tremor in hands
Immobility
Typical onset age of PD
50-56
Definition of mild cognitive impairment
Goes beyond normal aging but not significant enough to affect activity participation/functional independence (e.g. episodic memory loss, language impairments, neuropsychiatric symptoms)
T/F: PD affects cognition
True - memory, abstract reasoning, and other tasks that require sustained mental function progressively become compromised
T/F: Impaired vocabulary and syntax are some of the first signs of PD
False - vocab, syntax and grammar are preserved in PD until the late stages
Typical life expectancy post-onset of HD
a) 5-10 years
b) 10-15 years
c) 15-20 years
d) 20+ years
c) 15-20 years
Personality changes in HD
Irritability and emotional outbursts
T/F: In both PD and HD, intellectual functions begin to slow
False – in HD yes but PD, usually in tact, able to remain in familiar environments with supervision
What type of memory do Montessori activities acces?
Procedural memory
First symptoms of Alzheimer’s
MR. JDM (Jeffrey Dean Morgan)
- Lapse in Memory
- Faulty reasoning
- Poor judgement
- Disorientation in non-familiar enviros
- Alterations in mood (depressed, irritable, suspicious)
T/F: Intellect and cognition are mostly spared in AD
False - become increasingly impaired
Two main features of non-fluent PPA
- Agrammatism
- Hesitant speech with AOS
At least 2 of the following for non-fluent/agrammatic PPA
- Difficulty understanding complex phrases
- Preserved word comprehension
- Preserved object knowledge
2 features that must be present for semantic PPA
- Anomia (impaired word retrieval/confrontation naming)
- Impaired single-word comprehension
At least 3 of the following for semantic PPA
- Impaired object knowledge (especially low-freq)
- Surface dyslexia/dysgraphia
- Spared repetition
- Spared speech production (grammar + motor)
2 features that MUST be present for logopenic PPA
- Impaired word retrieval in spontaneous speech/naming
- Impaired repetition of sentences
At least three of the following for logopenic PPA
- Phonological errors (e.g. cluster reduction)
- Spared single-word comp/object knowledge
- Spared motor speech
- Absence of agrammatism
Three main categories of RHBD impairments
- Attentional / Perceptual Deficits
- Affective Deficits
- Communicative Deficits
What are the attentional deficits of RHBD?
- Left-side neglect
- Denial of illness
- Facial recognition deficits
- Reproducing shapes
- Disorientation
- Visuoperceptual deficits
