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CETP Review > Aphasia > Flashcards

Aphasia Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Broca’s area located? (As much detail as possible)

A

Posterior-inferior portion of the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere (for most ppl)

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2
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

Posterior-superior portion of the temporal lobe in the left hemisphere (for most ppl)

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3
Q

What is the structure that connects Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area?

A

Arcuate fasiculus

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4
Q

What structure of the brain is responsible for understanding and relaying WRITTEn language to other areas of the brain?

A

Angular gyrus

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5
Q

Lesion site of Transcortical Aphasia (Sensory)

A

Around Wernicke’s area (does not include it)

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6
Q

Lesion site of Transcortical Aphasia (Motor)

A

Around Broca’s area (does not include it)

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7
Q

Lesion site of Mixed Transcortical Aphasia

A

In/around Broca’s, in/around Wernicke’s and around the Arcuate Fasiculus

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8
Q

Where is the lesion site for anomic aphasia?

A

Angular gyrus

(Posterior-inferior region of parietal lobe; Brodman 39)

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9
Q

Clinical profile of conduction aphasia

A
  • Good spontaneous speech (motor)
  • Good comprehension (sensory)
  • Difficulty or inability with repetition
  • Possible phonemic paraphasias
  • Recognize mistakes - tries to correct
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10
Q

T/F: Paraphasias are often found in Broca’s aphasia

A

False - uncommon

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11
Q

Transcortical SENSORY Aphasia

A
  • Good spontaneous speech (motor)
  • Some difficult/inability to comprehend
  • Can repeat fluently
  • Semantic paraphasias common

**Similar to Wernicke’s but able to repeat

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12
Q

Transcortical MOTOR Aphasia

A
  • Non-fluent speech (may be able to speak 1-2 words at a time normally)
  • Good comprehension
  • Good repetition of long+complex sentences (differential dx feature)
  • Poor naming

**Similar to Broca’s but able to repeat

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13
Q

Transcortical MIXED Aphasia

A
  • Non-fluent speech
  • Poor comprehension
  • Able to repeat long+complex sentences
  • Poor naming

**Similar to Global Aphasia but good repetition

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14
Q

Clinical profile of Nonfluent (Broca’s) Aphasia

A
  • Non-fluent speech
  • Good language comprehension
  • Poor repetition
  • Poor naming
  • Poor grammatical speech+ability to write (but main idea is often conveyed)
  • Paraphasias uncommon
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15
Q

Fluent (Wernicke’s) Aphasia - clinical profile

A
  • Good fluent speech (*but often meaningless)
  • Poor comprehension of written+spoken language
  • May use numerous neologisms
  • Uses paraphasias (both types)
  • Unaware of errors
  • Can’t repeat
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16
Q

T/F: Agraphia and alexia present in all types of aphasia

A

Somewhat true – CAN be found in all types

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17
Q

Between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic strokes, which is more common?

A

Ischemic

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18
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Trasient Ischemic Attack
Self-resolves in 24 hours
Minimal long-term damage

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19
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Build up of fat, cholesterol, proteins, calcium and immune cells form a plaque and start to obstruct arterial blood flow

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20
Q

Embolism

A

Part of a blood clot from somewhere else breaks off and travels to get caught in a thinner vessel.

Typically emerge from atherosclerosis but can come from the heart as well (after heart attack for example)

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21
Q

What does CVA stand for?

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)

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22
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Bleeding in the brain due to ruptured blood vessels

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23
Q

What % of those who survive a stroke have aphasia?

A

About 50%

24
Q

Causes of aphasia that are not strokes

A

Brain trauma
Tumors
Infections

25
Q

Subcortical aphasia lesions sites

A

Basal ganglia + surrounding areas
Thalamus
Possible involvement of left cortical structures

26
Q

Clinical profile of subcortical aphasia due to lesion in left basal ganglia + surroundings

A
  • Fluent speech w/ possible hesitations
  • Good repetition
  • Normal auditory comprehension (possibly more difficult for complex material)
  • Motor speech problems (Broca’s + prosody)
  • Preserved writing
    *Possible semantic paraphasias
    *Possible limb apraxia

(Anomia, Broca, Wernicke, TMA)

27
Q

Clinical profile of subcortical aphasia due to lesion to thalamus

A

Fluent aphasia with paraphasias and comprehension difficulties
- Word finding + naming
- Limited verbal output
- Neologisms

28
Q

Clinical profile of subcortical aphasia due to lesion to the cerebellum

A
  • Decreased fluency
  • Mild anomia
  • Agrammatism
  • Mild speech comprehension difficulties
29
Q

T/F: Individuals with expressive (Broca’s) aphasia have better prognosis than receptive (Wernicke’s)

A

True

30
Q

Factors that can impact rehabilitation

A
  • Age
  • Comborbidities + Etiology of problems
  • Site + size of lesion
  • Duration before beginning intervention
  • Motivation/behaviour
  • Type of aphasia*
  • Psychosocial support
31
Q

When are the biggest gains made post-stroke?

A

Within the first 6-8 weeks

32
Q

Window for intesive therapy w/ ++ gains

A

3-6 months

33
Q

Total recuperation is very rare if gains not made within ___

A

One week

34
Q

Which lobe is responsible for executive functioning and motor planning?

A

Frontal lobe

35
Q

Which lobe is considered the sensory processing centre?

A

Parietal lobe

36
Q

Sight and visual info processing centre

A

Occipital lobe

37
Q

Auditory processing, memory and emotion centre

A

Temporal lobe

38
Q

Balance, posture, equilibrium and movement control centre

A

Cerebellum

39
Q

Vital body functions control centre

A

Brainstem

40
Q

Part of the brainstem involved in regulating eye movement, arousal hearing and alertness

A

Midbrain

41
Q

Main relay station btwn the brainstem and the cerebral cortex

A

Thalamus

42
Q

Involved in chewing, facial movement, blinking and some balance

A

Pons

43
Q

Involved in breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure and blood flow

A

Medulla
(also the site of decussation for many cranial nerves)

44
Q

Involved in regulating body temperature, heart rate, thirst and hunger

A

Hypothalamus

45
Q

Lexical-syntactic breakdown

A
  • Increased use of non-specific language
  • Omissions of various grammatical components
  • Ability to convey feelings/opinions greatly reduced
46
Q

T/F: For most bilingual individuals, a stroke will affect both of their languages

A

True

47
Q

T/F: Bilingualism is associated with better recovery for patients with aphasia

A

False - myth

48
Q

What is pure alexia?

A
  • Not able to recognize series of letters as familiar words, even if they recognize the individual letters
  • Main difficulty with the “voie d’adressage” but also assemblage
49
Q

rTMS (non-invasive brain stimulation) has benefits for what kind of aphasia?

A

Can’t be confidently recommended yet, but:
Chronic/acute nonfluent (?)

50
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Impaired understanding of the meaning of certain stimuli despite having no peripheral sensory impairment

51
Q

You are assessing a woman with buccofacial apraxia. This alone suggests she might have what type of aphasia?

A

Broca’s aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia, or conduction aphasia

52
Q

A 48-year-old stroke patient was misreading words that were irregularly spelled (e.g., Wednesday) but had no problems with non-words that they had never encountered before (e.g., Diggle). This patient probably presents with:

A

Surface alexia
(Difficulty with whole word recognition but voie d’assemblage is in tact)

53
Q

A 68-year-old man experienced a stroke and had problems with reading; however, other language related skills like auditory comprehension, naming, writing, or oral repetition were not affected. This condition referred to as pure word blindness or alexia without agraphia is also called:

A

Pure alexia

54
Q

Perisylvian region

A

Includes Broca’s area and Wernicke’s
Around the lateral sulcus in the left hemisphere

55
Q

Transference plasticity

A

Plasticity as a result of one training experience can improve the acquisition of comparable behaviours

56
Q

Surface agraphia

A
  • Phonemic errors, issues with homophones
  • Dictation of non-words relatively in tact
  • Less frequent words more likely to be impaired
57
Q

Deep agraphia

A
  • Sound-letter conversion problem
  • ## Often produces non-words that look visually similar to target word

CETP Review (11 decks)

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