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PMCOL 343 > Neuroendocrine Control > Flashcards

Neuroendocrine Control Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the parvocellular neurons in the preoptic region?

A

GnRH

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2
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus?

A

TRH, CRH

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3
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei?

A

oxytocin, vasopressin

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4
Q

What nucleus produces dopamine, GHRH, somatostatin?

A

arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus

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5
Q

Which neurons extend axons into the pituitary and release hormones directly into circulation?

A

magnocellular

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6
Q

which hormones are produced by the neurohypophysis?

A

vasopressin and oxytocin

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7
Q

in which pituitary gland are hormones stored in axon terminals until needed?

A

posterior pituitary

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8
Q

What is the stimulus for oxytocin release in childbirth? How is it regulated?

A
  • stimulus: contractions of the myometrium and vaginal stretch
  • regulation: positive feedback
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9
Q

What is the stimulus for oxytocin release in milk ejection? How is it regulated? What is the name for this reflex?

A
  • stimulus: suckling or mechanical manipulation of the breast
  • regulation: positive feedback
  • name: letdown reflex
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10
Q

What is the stimulus for oxytocin release in the brain? How is it regulated?

A
  • stimulus: skin to skin contact, orgasm
  • regulation: trust and bonding, stress, anxiety, conflict, etc.
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11
Q

brain OXT is involved in regulating what? What disorders can targeting brain OXT potentially treat?

A
  • regulate: anxiety, stress, social behaviours
  • disorders: SAD, PTSD, social phobia, addiction, autism
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12
Q

What are some therapeutic uses of oxytocin?

A
  • induction of labour
  • augmentation of dysfunctional labor
  • prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage
  • nasal spray for social disorders
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13
Q

What is normal release of vasopressin triggered by?

A
  • increase in blood osmolality
  • decrease in blood volume
  • drop in BP
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14
Q

What happens to the level of vasopressin during acute stress?

A

rapid increase

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15
Q

effects of vasopressin on the kidneys?

A

increase water reabsorption –> increase BP

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16
Q

How does vasopression regulate blood pressure?

A

vasoconstriction due to smooth muscle contraction

17
Q

effect of vasopressin on the anterior pituitary?

A

contributes to the full ACTH response

18
Q

What are therapeutic uses of vasopressin on the kidney?

A
  • treatment of diabetes insipidus (polyuria and polydipsia - lots of urine and always thirsty)
  • nocturnal enuresis
19
Q

what are the therapeutic uses of vasopressin as a vasoconstrictor?

A

prophylaxis against bleeding in haemophilia

20
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of vasopressin in social behaviour?

A

autism

21
Q

How is control of the adenohypophysis different from the neurohypophysis?

A
  • adenohypophysis: hormones secreted into CAPILLARIES of hypothalamus (NOT DIRECTLY into hypothalamus)
  • portal system that allows for shortcut because hormones do not have to pass through general circulation
22
Q

List the somatotropic hormones.

A

GH, PRL, placental lactogen

23
Q

List the POMC-derived hormones.

A

ACTH, alpha-MSH

24
Q

List the glycoprotein hormones.

A

LH, FSH, hCG, TSH

25
Q

What is the main inhibitor of GH release?

A

somatostatin

26
Q

What is the main stimulant of GH release?

A

GHRH

27
Q

How does ghrelin affect GH release? What does it act on? What is its mechanism? Elaborate.

A
  • in short: stimulate GH release via disinhibition
  • act on: somatotrophs
  • mechanism: somatostatin antagonist
  • IGF-1 causes negative feedback inhibition of GH release
  • decrease GH –> decrease IGF-1
  • ghrelin inhibits somatostatin –> decrease GH –> decrease IGF-1 –> NO negative feedback inhibition of GH (i.e. stimulate GH release)
28
Q

what are the direct actions of GH?

A
  • promote postnatal growth –> induce bone growth
  • increase lipolysis in adipocytes –> decrease body fat
  • increase AA uptake and nitrogen retention in muscle –> maintain muscle mass and strength
29
Q

What is the indirect action of GH?

A

key regulator of IGF-1, which causes negative-feedback inhibition of GH release

30
Q

diseases associated with GH deficiency?

A
  • pituitary dwarfism in children
  • hypopituitarism in adults
31
Q

diseases associated with excessive GH?

A
  • gigantism in children
  • acromegaly in adults
32
Q

therapeutic uses of GH?

A
  • GH replacement in: pituitary dwarfism, Turner’s syndrome short stature, hypopituitarism
  • Recombinant GH antagonist in: acromegaly, gigantism

PMCOL 343 (27 decks)

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