Neurodegenerative disorders Flashcards
what factors can contribute to neurodegeneration
toxins protein handling disorder lack of growth factors oxidative stress excitotoxicity ionic dysequilibrium mitochondrial dysfunction activation of cell death pathways immune attack
what genes are associated with alziemers
amyloid precursor protein gene
presenilin 1 and 2
what genes are involved in ALS
• Superoxide Dismutase 1 • TAR DNA Binding Protein (TDP-43) • Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) • C9orf72 (most common)
What is progressive muscular atrophy
LMN disease
what is primary lateral sclerosis
UMN disease
what is riluzole used to treat
ALS
what is the MOA of riluzole
blocks TTX sodium channels reduces glutamate release increases astrocyte glutamate activity enhances GABA activity enhances BNDF action
what are neurofibrillary tangles
composed of tau proteins which is hyperphosphorylated and creates neurofibrillary tangles
what are amyloid plaques
extracellular proteinaceous deposits
largely composed of Ab peptides
what are the neurochemical changes in neurodegenerative disorders
loss of aCh
loss of GABA
serotonin input from dorsal raphe nuclei reduced
reduced noradrenalin from locus ceruleus
how can dementia be treated
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; donepezil,
galantamine, rivastigmine used in mild to moderate
dementia.
NMDA receptor antagonists e.g. memantine used in
moderate to severe DAT.
what is the ADAS cog
alzeimers disease assesment scale
measure of cognitive performance
