eye pathology Flashcards
what is the red reflex
the reddish orange reflection of light from the retina that is observed when using an opthalmospcope
what are the signs and symptoms of diabetic retinopathy
macular edema blurred vision vision may change throughout the day may be symptomless, despite abnormal appearance of the retina microaneurysms . Narrowing or blocked retinal blood vessels neovascularisation vitreous hemorrhage cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhages dot-blot hemorrhages
what is retinopathy of prematurity
occurs in premature babies
abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina
the retina can detatch from the back of the eye
scarred retina
lack of blood supply
must be screened for - ischaemic tissue is removed
what are cataracts
clouding of the lens
what is age related macular degeneration
loss of central vision
what is wet macular degeneration
caused by abnormal blood vessels
can be treated with anti vascular endothelial growth factor
more serious and can occur more suddenly
what is dry macular degeneration
build up of deposits in the eye
occurs more gradually
difficult to treat
what is the corneal reflex
light bouncing of the cornea (white) should be symmetrical
what causes an abnormal red reflex
anything obstructing the pathway of light from the front to the back of the eye
corneal scar (white, trauma)
cataract
vitreous haemorrhage
retinoblastoma (child)
what is the significance of retinoblastoma to oncogenitics
2 hit hypothesis
familial vs sporadic disease
familial is usually bilateral and presents earlier
autosomal dominant
what is ocular albinism
not enough pigment
glare, impaired vision
Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy
mitochondrial disease
loss of vision due to lack of ATP
describe babies vision
poor, black and white, 2d but very good at recognising faces
will develop as they get older as long as they don’t have eye problems e.g. cataracts
what period of gestation is most critical to brain development
last 3 months
problem for premmies
too much sensory stimuli
