Clinical aspects of diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is MODY

A

autosomal dominant inherited diabetes

maturity onset diabetes of the young

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2
Q

what is the clinical presentation of DM1

A
thirst
polyuria
weight loss
blurred vision
fatigue
nausea, vomiting
DKA, HONK
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3
Q

what should you remember to educate diabetics on

A
diet
hypoglyceamia
sick day rules
monitoring 
driving
alcohol 
smoking 
insulin card 
pregnancy and contraception 
complications (acute/chronic)
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4
Q

what should preprandial sugars be

A

4-7 mmol/L

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5
Q

what are the clinical presentations of DM2

A
thirst, polyuria
malaise
fatigue
infections 
candidiasis 
blurred vision 
complications
incidental finding
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6
Q

name some diabeted drugs

A
sulphonylureas
biguanides
alpha glucosidase inhibitors
thiazolidinediones 
GLP1 agonists
DPP IV inhibitors 
insulin
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7
Q

what class of drug is metformin

A

biguanide

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8
Q

what class of drug are chlorpropamide, glipizide, gliclazide

A

sulphonylureas

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9
Q

what class of drug is acarbose

A

alpha glucosidase inhibitor

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10
Q

what class of drug are troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone

A

thiazolidinediones

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11
Q

what class of drug is Exanitide

A

GLP1 agonist

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12
Q

what are the symptoms of DKA

A
dehydration 
tachycardia
hypotension 
reduced consciousness
Kussmaul's respiration 
acetone 
abdo pain 
vomiting
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13
Q

describe ketone body metabolism

A

muscle is broken down into amino acids which is converted in the liver to ketone bodies

adipose tissue is broken down to free fatty acids which are converted to ketones in the liver

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14
Q

what is the treatment for DKA

A

Insulin 6U / hr

saline or dextrose

careful monitoring of potassium

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15
Q

what are the symptoms of hypoglycemia

A

adrenergic symptoms

neuroglycopaenic
dizziness, confusion, sleepiness, coma, seizure

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16
Q

what value is hypoglycaemia

A

blood glucose <2.2 mmol/L

four is the floor

17
Q

what are the features of HONK

A

elderly patients
often undiagnosed
intercurrent disease e.g. chest infection or MI

18
Q

what is metformin associated lactic acidosis

A

high mortality rate but rare

19
Q

what are the stages of nephropathy

A

hyperfiltration
microalbuminuria
overt nephropathy
chronic renal failure

20
Q

describe the screening of nephropathy

A

albustix screening
test for albumin and creatinine

manage blood pressure and lipids
good glycemic control
diet