Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry (Calum) > Neurobiology of Cognition > Flashcards

Neurobiology of Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognition?

A

the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some frontal lobe functions?

A 
voluntary movement 
reasoning 
personality 
inhibitions 
initiative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some parietal lobe functions?

A 
knowing right from left 
reading 
writing 
body orientation 
calculation 
two point discrimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What effects can be seen in a dominant hemisphere parietal lesion?

A 
dysphasia 
dyscalculia 
dyslexia 
apraxia 
agnosia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Gerstmann Syndrome?

A

characterised by acalculia, agraphia, finger anomia and difficulty differentiating left and right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some temporal lobe functions?

A 
memory 
hearing 
emotions 
recognising faces 
understanding speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main function of the occipital lobe?

A

visual reception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which area is more posterior - Wernicke’s or Broca’s?

A

Wernicke’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of aphasia is associated with Brocas area?

A

expressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of aphasia is associated with Wernicke’s area?

A

receptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What structures make up the limbic system?

A

hypothalamus
amygdala
hippocampus and dentate gyrus
cingulate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of the hippocampus?

A

forming new memories

spatial memory and navigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

integrates the autonomic and endocrine systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main function of the amygdala?

A

emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What emotions are dealt with in the right amygdala?

A

negative emotions - fear, sadness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What emotions are dealt with in the left amygdala?

A

pleasant + unpleasant + reward system

17
Q

What are the 3 stages of memory?

A

encoding
storage
retrieval

18
Q

Is glutamate excitatory or inhibitory?

A

excitatory

19
Q

What is dementia?

A

progressive cognitive decline

decline in previous levels of functioning and performing that isn’t explained by delirium or major psychiatric disorders

20
Q

What percentage of over 65s have dementia?

A

6.4%

21
Q

What is the criteria for a diagnosis of Alzheimers disease?

A

presence of dementia

insidious onset with slow deterioration

absence of clinical evidence to state decline may be caused by another system

absence of sudden onset focal neurological signs

22
Q

What is the main pathology behind AD?

A

amyloid plaques

neurofibrillary tangles

23
Q

What clinical findings lead to a diagnosis of vascular dementia?

A 
abrupt/stepwise deterioration 
focal neurological signs 
hypertension 
carotid bruits 
episodes of clouded consciousness
24
Q

What is the central feature of LEWY BODY dementia?

A

progressive dementia - deficits in attention and executive function.

memory impairment may not be evident early

25
Q

What are other core features of LEWY BODY dementia?

A

fluctuating cognition and attention

recurrent complex visual hallucinations - well formed and detailed

spontaneous features of parkinsonism

26
Q

What dementia does REM sleep behaviour disorder have associations with?

A

Lewy body dementia

27
Q

What other features support a diagnosis of LBD?

A 
repeated falls and fainting 
transient unexplained loss of consciousness
autonomic dysfunction 
hallucinations 
visuospatial abnormalities
28
Q

What is required for a probable LBD diagnosis?

A

dementia plus 2 or more core features

dementia plus one core feature and one or more suggestive features

29
Q

What are Lewy Bodies?

A

alpha-synuclein proteins within the cytoplasm of neurons

30
Q

What happens to the substantia nigra and acetylcholine producing neurons in LBD?

A

loss of dopamine in the SN

loss of acetylcholine producing neurons

31
Q

What is another name for front-temporal dementia?

A

Pick’s Dementia

32
Q

What features are usually preserved in front-temporal dementia?

A

memory
perception
spatial skills
praxis

33
Q

What are Pick Bodies?

A

tau +ve spherical cytoplasmic neuronal inclusions composed of straight filaments

34
Q

What are Pick cells?

A

ballooned neurones with dissolution of chroma in

35
Q

What causes alcohol related dementia?

A

long term and excessive consumption of alcohol

36
Q

What features make up alcohol related dementia?

A

memory impairment + 1 of :

apraxia 
aphasia 
agnosia 
functional impairment 
executive function impairment

Psychiatry (Calum) (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions