Behaviour/Personality Disorders Flashcards
What is personality?
a cluster of relatively predictable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that is generally consistent across time, space and context.
What are the 5 factors that structure personality?
neuroticism conscientiousness agreeableness extraversion openness
What pneumonic can be used to rememeber the 5 factors of personality?
OCEAN/CANOE
openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism
What is a personality disorder?
an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly form the expectation of the individuals culture.
How can a personality disorder manifest itself?
cognitively - perception and interpretation
affectivity - range, intensity and lability of emotional response
interpersonal functioning
impulse control
How far can personality disorders be traced back in a persons life?
should be able to trace back to at least adolescence and early adulthood
Can personality disorders be explained by a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder
no - or it would be that disorder
Can personality disorders be attributed to the physiological effects of a substance e.g. drugs) or another condition (head trauma)?
No
What is involved in akankastic personality disorder?
(1) Feelings of excessive doubt and caution.
(2) Preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organization or schedule.
(3) Perfectionism that interferes with task completion. (4) Excessive conscientiousness and scrupulousness.
(5) Undue preoccupation with productivity to the exclusion of pleasure and interpersonal relationships.
(6) Excessive pedantry and adherence to social conventions. (7) Rigidity and stubbornness.
(8) Unreasonable insistence that others submit to exactly his or her way of doing things, or unreasonable reluctance to allow others to do things.
What is the difference between traits and a disorder?
many people can exhibit traits that sometimes cause problems but it is really only a disorder if it is pervasive and causes distress/impaired functioning.
What percentage of the general population have a personality disorder?
10.6%
more common than diabetes, IBD, MS, asthma
Which personality disorders come under the category of “odd and eccentric”?
Cluster A
paranoid
schizoid
schizotypal
Which personality disorders come under the category “dramatic and emotional?”
Cluster B
Borderline
Antisocial
Which personality disorders come under the category “Anxious and Fearful”?
Cluster C
avoidant
dependent
obsessive-compulsive
What percentage of psychiatric outpatients have a personality disorder?
33%
What percentage of psychiatric inpatients have a personality disorder?
50%
What is paranoid Personality disorder?
a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent
What is schizoid personality disorder?
a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings
What is antisocial personality disorder?
a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
failure to conform, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, reckless
What is borderline personality disorder?
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image and affects and marked impulsivity.
What is histrionic personality disorder?
a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
centre of attention
shallow rapid shifting emotions
self-dramatisation
What is avoidant personality disorder?
a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
sensitive to criticism
views as socially inept
reluctant to take personal risk
What is dependent personality disorder?
a pervasive and excessive need to be taken caee of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation
needs others to take responsibility
difficulty initiating projects
feels helpless when alone
What is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency.
interfering perfectionism
preoccupation with details
inflexible
reluctant to delegate
Is antisocial PD the same as psychopathy?
No - antisocial PD is largely based on behaviour whereas psychopathy describes a set of deficits in emotional and cognitive functioning.
What are the 2 factors of psychopathy?
interpersonal/affective
social deviance
Most personality disorders remain stable over time - T/F?
true
How can avoidant PD be treated?
social skills training may be helpful
some evidence for antidepressants
not great info base
What is the main psychological treatment of borderline personality disorder?
dialectical behavioural therapy
what is dialectical behavioural therapy?
attempts to combine behavioural approaches with mindfulness and acceptance
main effect is on suicidal behaviour
high drop out rate
Is Mentalisation supported by more evidence than DBT?
No
How is pharmacological treatment for borderline PD given?
no drug has a licence for borderline PD
primarily focused on treating co-morbid conditions
Which antipsychotic drug is effective in borderline PD but causes weight gain?
olanzapine
How can antisocial PD be treated psychologically?
group based CBT in order to address impulsivity and interpersonal difficulties
