NeuroAnatomy - Lecture Three Objectives - ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREAS

Question 1

Where are the anterior association areas located?

Answer 1

anterior region of the frontal lobe

Question 2

What Brodmann’s Area numbers are associated with the anterior association areas?

Answer 2

9-11, 46, 47

Question 3

What is another name for the anterior association areas?

Answer 3

prefrontal lobe

Question 4

What are the 3 sub-regions of the anterior association area?

Answer 4

1. medial prefrontal cortex
2. ventral prefrontal cortex
3. lateral prefrontal cortex

Question 5

What is the blood supply of the medial prefrontal cortex?

Answer 5

ACA

Question 6

What is the blood supply to the ventral prefrontal cortex?

Answer 6

ACA

Question 7

What is the blood supply to the lateral prefrontal cortex?

Answer 7

the superior branch of the MCA

Question 8

What are the functions of the medial prefrontal cortex?

Answer 8

• emotions and moods
• self-awareness
• motivation
• influences decision making to “act, how to act, or not to act”

Question 9

What symptoms would arise if a stroke occurred in the medial prefrontal cortex?

Answer 9

• loss of emotion, self-awareness, and motivation (apathy)

Question 10

What are the functions of the ventral prefrontal cortex?

Answer 10

• social behavior
• ability to recognize social disapproval / if it’s inappropriate
• regulates self-discipline/control
• maintains attention to social situation

Question 11

What symptoms would arise if a stroke occurred in the ventral prefrontal cortex?

Answer 11

• loss of appropriate social behavior
• impulsiveness
• poor “real life” decisions

Question 12

What are the functions of the lateral prefrontal cortex?

Answer 12

• executive function / goal directed behavior
• generates decision “to act, how to act, not to act”
• “wisdom”
• “no two people alike”

Question 13

Where does the lateral prefrontal cortex get its sensory information from?

Answer 13

Posterior association area
medial prefrontal area
ventral prefrontal area
limbic system
brainstem/hypothalamus

Question 14

What symptoms would arise if a stroke occurred in the lateral prefrontal cortex?

Answer 14

• loss of executive functions (goal directed behaviors)
• loss of working memory
• “preservation” – repetitive behavior, “stuck on one thought”, inability to change a behavior after starting it

Question 15

What is Akinetic Mutism?

Answer 15

a rare bilateral frontal lobe lesion where the patient is alert and conscious and retains their ability to move/speak but fails to do so