Neuroanatomy: Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain, Brain stem, Cerebellum, and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

A group of neurons within the CNS with similar function, connectivity, and neurotransmitters

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3
Q

Tract

A

A bundle of axons traveling together within the CNS

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4
Q

Synapse

A

A point of connection/communication between neurons

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5
Q

Afferent

A

Arriving information

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6
Q

Efferent

A

Exiting information

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7
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Cranial and Peripheral Nerves

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8
Q

Nerve

A

A bundle of axons (plus associated connective tissue and blood vessels) located outside the brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Ganglia

A

A group of neurons outside of the CNS with similar function, connectivity, and neurotransmitters

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10
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Afferent and efferent systems that regulate motor innervation of skeletal muscle and sensory information from the external environment (aware sensations)

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11
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Afferent and efferent systems that regulate motor innervation of smooth muscle and glands and sensory information from the internal environment (unaware sensations)

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12
Q

Gray matter

A

neuronal cell bodies and proximal dendrites

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13
Q

White Matter

A

myelinated axons (rich in lipids and fiber tracts)

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14
Q

Frontal Lobe function

A

Executive functions, personality, decision making

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15
Q

Parietal Lobe Function

A

Primary sensory cortex, association cortex

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16
Q

Temporal Lobe Function

A

Primary auditory cortex

17
Q

Occipital Lope Function

A

Primary visual cortex

18
Q

Insula Lobe Function

A

Island lobe that is buried in brain. Functions include Pain, especially visceral (hollow organs)

19
Q

Limbic Lobe Function

A

(surrounds the corpus callosum) Emotion, arousal, motivation, memory

20
Q

Sulci

A

the grooves of the brain

21
Q

Gyri

A

The bumps of the brain

22
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Separates Pre and post-central gyri. Separates frontal and parietal lobes

23
Q

Lateral Fissure

A

separates frontal and temporal lobes

24
Q

Superior longitudinal sulcus (longitudinal fissure)

A

Separates Right and left hemispheres

25
Q

Paracentral lobule

A

A bump on the top (dorsal) part of the brain in parietal lobe

26
Q

Parietooccipital sulcus

A

Separates parietal and occipital lobe (more visible in medial view)

27
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects all neurons from one hemisphere to the other

28
Q

Diencephalon

A

Gray matter, deep, autonomic system; includes thalamus and hypothalamus