Neuroanatomy: Cranial Nerves Flashcards
How many cranial nerves
12
Names and modality
- Olfactory - Sensory
- Optic - Sensory
- Occulomotor - Motor
- Trochlear - Motor
- Trigeiminal - Both
- Abducens - Motor
- Facial - Both
- Vestibulocochlear - Sensory
- Glossopharyngeal - Both
- Vagus - Both
- Spinal Accessory - Motor
- Hypoglossal - Motor
Which cranial nerves carry special sensory information
1 (Smell), 2 (vision), 7 (Taste), 8 (balance/hearing), 9 (taste), 10 (taste)
To what areas of the brain do the special sensory nerves project
1 - olfactory tract > olfactory bulb> cortex
2 - retina > optic nerve > optic chiasm > optic tract > thalamus > occipital cortex
7/9/10 - ganglion > brain stem > thalamus > insular cortex
8 - cochlea > spiral ganglion > brain stem > thalamus > temporal lobe or utricle/saccule/semi-circular canals > vestibular ganglion > brain stem > thalamus > parietal lobe
Which cranial nerve innervates extraocular muscles
3, 4, 6
Which of these cranial nerve has a parasympathetic component
3 > constricts/dilates pupils and changes shape of lens
Which cranial nerves innervate which extraocular muscles
(LR6 SO4)3 > Lateral rectus is innervated by abducens (abducts eye away from midline). Superior oblique by trochlear, and oculomotor innervates 5 other muscles
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscle of mastication
- Trigeminal
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression
- Facial
Which cranial nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands
- Facial
What are the named branches of the trigeminal nerve and what general regions do they innervate
Opthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular
What type of sensation is relayed by the trigeminal nerve and from what general regions
Which branched of the trigeminal are sensory only and which are mixed
Mandibular is both, Maxillary and opthalmic are sensory
What types of sensation are relayed by the glossopharyngeal nerve and from what regions/structures
relays motor info to both somatic (stylopharyngeal muscle) and visceral (parasympathetic - gland). Relays sensory info to posterior tongue, external ear, internal tympanic membrane, has taste, and visceral carotid body and sinus
Which gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve
Parotid gland
Which cranial nerve innervate the muscles of the tongue
hypoglossal
What muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic information
3, 7, 9, 10
What organs/glands/structures are innervated by these parasympathetic nerves
iris and ciliary muscle of eye; submandibular and sublingual glands, lacrimal glands, mucosa of palate and nose; parotid gland; smooth muscle and glands of pharynx thoracic and abdominal viscera
How many modalitites are found in vagus nerve
Has somatic motor, visceral motor, somatic sensory, special sensory, and visceral sensory
What regions of the body receive visceral efferent innervation from the vagus nerve
brachial motor
What regions of the body send visceral afferent innervation along the vagus nerve
larynx, trachea, thoracic and abdomical viscera, aorta