Neuroanatomy: Cranial Nerves

Question 1

How many cranial nerves

Answer 1

12

Question 2

Names and modality

Answer 2

1. Olfactory - Sensory
2. Optic - Sensory
3. Occulomotor - Motor
4. Trochlear - Motor
5. Trigeiminal - Both
6. Abducens - Motor
7. Facial - Both
8. Vestibulocochlear - Sensory
9. Glossopharyngeal - Both
10. Vagus - Both
11. Spinal Accessory - Motor
12. Hypoglossal - Motor

Question 3

Which cranial nerves carry special sensory information

Answer 3

1 (Smell), 2 (vision), 7 (Taste), 8 (balance/hearing), 9 (taste), 10 (taste)

Question 4

To what areas of the brain do the special sensory nerves project

Answer 4

1 - olfactory tract > olfactory bulb> cortex
2 - retina > optic nerve > optic chiasm > optic tract > thalamus > occipital cortex
7/9/10 - ganglion > brain stem > thalamus > insular cortex
8 - cochlea > spiral ganglion > brain stem > thalamus > temporal lobe or utricle/saccule/semi-circular canals > vestibular ganglion > brain stem > thalamus > parietal lobe

Question 5

Which cranial nerve innervates extraocular muscles

Answer 5

3, 4, 6

Question 6

Which of these cranial nerve has a parasympathetic component

Answer 6

3 > constricts/dilates pupils and changes shape of lens

Question 7

Which cranial nerves innervate which extraocular muscles

Answer 7

(LR6 SO4)3 > Lateral rectus is innervated by abducens (abducts eye away from midline). Superior oblique by trochlear, and oculomotor innervates 5 other muscles

Question 8

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscle of mastication

Answer 8

5. Trigeminal

Question 9

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression

Answer 9

7. Facial

Question 10

Which cranial nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands

Answer 10

7. Facial

Question 11

What are the named branches of the trigeminal nerve and what general regions do they innervate

Answer 11

Opthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular

Question 12

What type of sensation is relayed by the trigeminal nerve and from what general regions

Question 13

Which branched of the trigeminal are sensory only and which are mixed

Answer 13

Mandibular is both, Maxillary and opthalmic are sensory

Question 14

What types of sensation are relayed by the glossopharyngeal nerve and from what regions/structures

Answer 14

relays motor info to both somatic (stylopharyngeal muscle) and visceral (parasympathetic - gland). Relays sensory info to posterior tongue, external ear, internal tympanic membrane, has taste, and visceral carotid body and sinus

Question 15

Which gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 15

Parotid gland

Question 16

Which cranial nerve innervate the muscles of the tongue

Answer 16

hypoglossal

Question 17

What muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve

Answer 17

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 18

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic information

Answer 18

3, 7, 9, 10

Question 19

What organs/glands/structures are innervated by these parasympathetic nerves

Answer 19

iris and ciliary muscle of eye; submandibular and sublingual glands, lacrimal glands, mucosa of palate and nose; parotid gland; smooth muscle and glands of pharynx thoracic and abdominal viscera

Question 20

How many modalitites are found in vagus nerve

Answer 20

Has somatic motor, visceral motor, somatic sensory, special sensory, and visceral sensory

Question 21

What regions of the body receive visceral efferent innervation from the vagus nerve

Answer 21

brachial motor

Question 22

What regions of the body send visceral afferent innervation along the vagus nerve

Answer 22

larynx, trachea, thoracic and abdomical viscera, aorta