Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1 PY1000 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the eripheral nervous system made up of?

A

All parts of the system outside of the bony casings of the skull and spinal column.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of?

A

All parts inside the skull and spinal column - the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the hole at the base of the skull where the brain connects to the spinal cord called?

A

Foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What nerves is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

A

Cranial, Spinal and Peripheral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What neurones are in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Sensory and motor neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What neurones are in the central nervous system?

A

Relay neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define afferent and efferent

A 
Afferent = ascending
Efferent = descending
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are interneurones?

A

Small nerves linking other nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the bundle of spinal nerves that descend inside the spinal column called

A

Cauda equina

Horses tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe how the spinal nerves are named

A

Cervical spinal nerves are named after the vertebra immediately below - BUT
There is a C8 spinal nerve that exits above T1
From there on down the spinal nerves are named after the vertebra immediately above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define dermatomes

A

The area of skininnervatedby nerves relatedto a particularsegment of thespinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define myotomes

A

Muscles that are innervated by nerves related to a particular segment of the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name some of the main dermatomes in the body

A 
T1-T12 = trunk of the body
L1-L5 = lumbar spine
C2-C8 = collar to 5th metacarpal
S1 = heel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name some of the main myotomes in the body

A 
C5-C8 = shoulder to wrist
T1 = finger abduction
L2 = hip flexion (illiopsoas)
L4 = knee extension (quad fem)
L5 = dorsiflexion (tibialis anterior)
S1 = plantar flexion (gastrocnemius)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are enlargements of the spinal cord in the lowercervical and lumbosacral area known as

A

Brachial Plexus

Lumbosacral Plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the nervesin the brachialplexus innervate.

A

Afferent and efferent nervesin the brachialplexus innervate theupper extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the nerves in the lowerlumbosacral plexusinnervate.

A

Afferent and efferent nerves in the lowerlumbosacral plexusinnervate the lower extremities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe gray matter

A

A collection of neuron cell bodies appeargray

Areas of thecentral nervous system thatare a large collection of cell bodies are called gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe white matter

A

Someneuron processesarewrapped in insulatinglayers that arewhite soareas of the central nervous system that area large collection ofneuron processes arecalled white matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Briefly descibe dorsal roots

A

Afferent nervesthat come intothe spinal cordare bundled at the backin the dorsal roots.
Thecell bodies of the dorsal rootare outside the spinal cord in the dorsal root ganglia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Briefly describe ventral roots

A

Efferentnerves leaving the spinal cord arebundled together at the front in theventral root.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Give some examples of peripheral nerves

A

Median, ulna and radial nerves

23
Q

What large divisions can the brain be divided into?

A

Brainstem
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Cerebral hemispheres orcerebrum

24
Q

Describe what the brain stem connects and what it is composed of

A

Links the cerebrum and the spinal cord
Comprises the medullaoblongata, the midbrain, and the pons
Connects to the cerebellum
Source of the cranial nerves.

25
Q

What is the function of the brainstem

A

Role incontrollingautonomic functions including breathing, heart rate and level of consciousness

26
Q

Where is the source of cranial nerves?

A

Brainstem

27
Q

How many cranial nerves are in the brainstem?

A

12 pairs of nerves

28
Q

What is the role of cranial nerves?

A

Bring information from the special senses andsomatic senses offace and head.
Involved in hearing, balance, vision, taste, smell
Send messages to the muscles of thehead and neck

29
Q

What is the diencephalon composed of?

A

Composed of:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

30
Q

What role does the diencephalon play?

A

Role in the integration of sensory information and the interpretation of pain

31
Q

Where is the cerebellum?

A

The cerebellum is located behind the top part of the brain stem where the spinal cord meets the brain

32
Q

What is the cerebellum involved in?

A

Involved inmaintaining balance and control

33
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

Cortex ofgray matter

34
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebrum called?

A

frontal, parietal,temporal andoccipital

35
Q

Describe the surface of the cerebrum

A

Wrinkled with hillocks(gyri) andgrooves(sulci)

36
Q

Describe the location and role of the frontal lobe

A

At the front

Responsible for some aspects of movement,behaviour, emotion andhigher executive function,expressive speech

37
Q

Describe the location and role of the parietal lobe

A

Behind the frontal.

Responsible for language, sensation, perception of space

38
Q

Describe the location and role of the occipital lobe

A

At the back.

Responsible forvision

39
Q

Describe the location and role of the temporal lobe

A

At the sides.

Responsible for hearing, receptive speech,and memory

40
Q

What is responsible for the actual execution of movement

A

Primary motor cortex

41
Q

What is involved in the preparation ofsensory triggered movement and guidingcomplete behavioural acts

A

Premotor cortex

42
Q

What are is involved in the preparation of self-initiated movement

A

Supplementary motor area

43
Q

What role does the somatosensory Cortex play?

A

This is involved in the complexprocessing of sensory information

44
Q

What is the basal ganglia made up of?

A

Made up of5 nuclei in thecerebrum, diencephalon and brainstem

45
Q

What is the role of the basal ganglia?

A

Vital in controlling the quality of movement

46
Q

What is the role of the Hippocampus?

A

In sylvian fissure, important in memory

47
Q

What is the role of the Pituitary Gland?

A

In the brainstem, secretes hormones

48
Q

What is the role of the Amygdala?

A

In the temporal lobe and relates to emotions (especially fear)

49
Q

Describe meninges

A

3 layers of protective fibrous tissue that surrounds the entire nervous system
3 layers = dura matter, arachnoid matter and pia matter

50
Q

Describe cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Straw colouredviscous fluid produced in the lateral ventricles
Circulates around the brain and spinal cord in thesubarachnoid space

51
Q

What is the circle of Willis

A

To limit thepossibility of loss of blood supply the brain has evolved a circularvascular anatomy.
Made up of 2 blood supplies, so if one fails the other should be able to maintain circulation.

52
Q

What is the myelin sheath in a neuron made up of?

A

Schwann cells

53
Q

How can neurones be classified?

A 
Unipolar = have only one structure
Bipolar = has one axon and one dendrite
Multipolar = contains one axon and multiple dendrites
Pseudounipolar = has a single structure that extends from the soma
54
Q

What happens at a synapse?

A

The synapse is where one neuron meets and communicates with another
A chemical messenger (or neurotransmitter)is released fromone axon(presynaptic) and picked up by thedendrites of another neuron (postsynaptic).

1 PY1000 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions