Control of movement

Question 1

What are the 3 levels of signal processing?

Answer 1

1. Processing at receptor level
2. Processing at circuit level
3. Processing at perceptual level

Question 2

What are the 3 different types of receptors and what do they do?

Answer 2

Stimuli = detects changes in the environment
Sensation = awareness of a stimulus
Perception = interpretation of meaning of the stimulis

Question 3

In what 3 ways can sensory receptors be specialised to?

Answer 3

Classified by stimulus type, location and receptor structure

Question 4

Name and describe the 5 types of receptors and what they detect

Answer 4

1. Mechanoreceptors = detect touch, pressure, vibration
2. Thermoreceptors = temperature change
3. Photoreceptors = changes in light
4. Chemoreceptors = changes in chemicals
5. Nocicereceptors = detect potential danger resulting in pain

Question 5

Name and describe the 3 types of location for receptors

Answer 5

Exteroceptors = stimuli arising outside the body
Interoceptors = stimuli within the body
Proprioreceptors = stimuli within the body, but location is more limited (muscle, tendon)

Question 6

Name and describe the 2 types of structure of receptors

Answer 6

Nonencapsulated (free nerve endings) = respond to temperature, pain & pressure
Encapsulated nerve endings = mechanoreceptors

Question 7

Describe ascending pathways involved in the control of movement

Answer 7

Sensory input is delivered to the appropriate regions of the cerebal cortex

Question 8

Describe descending pathways involved in the control of movement

Answer 8

Motor output is delivered to the neuromuscular junction

Question 9

What is responsible for the adjustment of motor unit

Answer 9

Cerebellum

Fine tunes motor activity to ensure right timing of muscle contraction for coordinated movement

Question 10

What are the 3 levels of motor control?

Answer 10

Segmental level
Projection level
Precommand level

Question 11

Very briefly describe how receptors can cause movement

Answer 11

Sensory neuron transmits stimulus to CNS
Integrated through single of multiple interneurones
Motor neuron transmits response to muscle
Muscle effects the response

Question 12

What reflexes activate skeletal muscle?

Answer 12

Somatic reflexes

Question 13

What reflexes activate smooth or cardiac muscle or glands)

Answer 13

Autonomic reflexes