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Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Corpus callosoum

A

thick curved band of white matter
Located ventral to mid-sagittal cortical surface
Commisural fibers
Allows connection between 2 hemispheres
Genu, splenium, body, rostrum
Continuous with lamina terminalis (rostrum)

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2
Q

® Enlarged genu

A

= frontal lobe growth in humans

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3
Q

Fornix

A

Arching fiber bundle- prominent
Hippocampus to mammilary bodies connection
Ventral to corpus callosum
Curves ventrally into diencephalon to form columns of fornix

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4
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

□ Between skull and outer dural layer
□ Biconvex shape- does not cross sutures
□ Usually middle meningeal artery involved

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5
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

□ Between inner layer of dura and arachnoid
□ Crosses sutures
□ Crescentic shape
□ Whip-lash, shaken baby syndrome
□ Increase in ICP- damage to brain tissue

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6
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

□ Between arachnoid and pia

□ Follows sulci

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7
Q

Meningiomas

A

□ May occur intracranially or within spinal canal
□ Arise from arachnoid layer
□ Greatest potential for total removal and care
□ Long clinical history usually
□ Depending on location, may experience mental deterioration, limb weakness, sensory abberation, visual loss…

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8
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

separates cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

Falx cerebri

A

infolding of dura mater, contains inferior and superior sagittal sinuses

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10
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

contains the transverse sinus, lies between cerebrum and cerebellum

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11
Q

Gyrus (cerebrum)

A

folium (cerebellum)

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12
Q

Brainstem

A

protrudes caudally from cerebrum. medulla, pons, midbrain, thalamus

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13
Q

Metencephalon

A

pons + cerebellum

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14
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

= sylvian fissure- largest of the sulci, separates temporal from frontal and parietal lobes

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15
Q

Central sulcus

A

= Rolandic fissure- vertical sulcus, runs uninterrupted from longitudinal fissure to lateral sulcus

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16
Q

Preoccipital notch

A

subtle indentation created by bony tentorium

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17
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle

A

run laterally along ventral surface of pons, connect pons to the cerebellum

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18
Q

Pyramids

A

run on medulla, paramedian ridges

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19
Q

Olives

A

ovoid elevations lateral to pyramids on medulla

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20
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

runs into rostral end of pons from deep in cerebrum. Lies in most ventral portion of mesencephalon (midbrain). Oculomotor nerve (III) exits from here

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21
Q

Interpeduncular fossa

A

spans diencephalon and mesencephalon. Bordered by pons, cerebral peduncles, obtic chiasm and tracts

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22
Q

Tuber cinereum

A

within the interpeduncular fossa, immediately behind optic chiasm

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23
Q

Lamina terminalis

A

portion of prosencephalic vesicle, forms anterior wall of third ventricle

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24
Q

Fornix

A

found ventral to the corpus callosum. Contains fibers from structures in temporal lobe running to diencephalon (mammillary bodies)

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25
Septum pellucidum
membrane between corpus callosum and fornix. Lies between the lateral ventricles
26
Anterior commissure
contains fibers traveling between frontal and temporal poles of each hemisphere
27
Interventricular foramen of Monro
lateral ventricles w/ third ventricle, behind column of the cornix
28
Diencephalon
= hypothalamus + dorsal thalamus + epithalamus
29
Hypothalamus
triangular region ventral to anterior commissure. Controls autonomic functions and modulates some related aspects of behavior: emotional responses, feeding/drinking, reproduction
30
Epithalamus
represented by stria medullaris, habenular nuclei, pineal gland
31
Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
connected to third ventricle
32
Fourth ventricle
where CSF exits the brain. Foramen of Magendie and foramina of Luschka connect it to the subarachnoid space
33
Major blood supply to the brain
vertebral arteries (infero-posterior regions) and internal carotid arteries (rostral regions)
34
Branches of the carotid artery
posterior communicating artery, opthalmic artery, anterior choroidal artery, anterior cerebral, middle crebral arteries
35
Branches of the middle cerebral arteries
lenticulo-striate arteries. Supply the anterior limb of the internal capsule and basal ganglia. Most common sites of stroke
36
Branches of vertebral arteries
anterior spinal artery, PICA, basilar --> anterior inferior cerebellar, labrynthine, pontine, superior cerebellar arteries, posterior cerebral
37
filum terminale
extension of pia matter from conus medullar is to coccygeal ligament
38
T2W
fluid is white. Good for assessing gray matter
39
T1W
fluid is dark. Arrow pointing to rootlet. Harder to see contents of thecal sac
40
Dorsal median sulcus (usually closed)
Separates R and L dorsal funiculus
41
Dorsal funiculus
separated from central canal by gray commissure. Pathway that conveys fine discriminatory somatosensory information, conscious proprioception, vibratory sensation Fasciculus gracilis: all spinal levels, lateral Fasciculus cuneatus; cervical and upper thoracic levels, medial
42
Dorsal fasciculus of Lissaur
superficially-located pale region, axons w/ little or no myelin.
43
Fasciculus proprious
white matter that rings the gay matter. Contains axons that interconnect different spinal cord levels
44
Ventral commissure
spans below central canal, axons of dorsal horn cells that form second order neurons in ALS system. Conveys pain, temperature, crude touch sensation
45
Dorsal horns
Substantia gelatinosa: pale staning in Weigert Posteromarginal zone- superficial to gelatinosa. Thin, cell poor layer Nucleus proprious- deep to gelatinosa. Forming base of dorsal horn
46
Weigert stained section
myelin stains darkly (white matter is super dark)
47
Nissl stain
cell body stains darkly (gray matter is darker)
48
Proprioceptive tracts
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) Ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT) Form superficial rim of lateral funiculus
49
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT)
From lateral border of dorsal root entry zone to ~central canal
50
Ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT)
Extends ventrally to transition from ventral to lateral funiculus
51
Spinothalamic tract (anterolateral system ALS)
Conveys pain, temperature, crude touch information Located deep in lateral and ventral funiculus’ Wraps around the lateral border of the ventral horn
52
Lateral vestibulospinal tract
Originates in lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters nucleus) Regulating muscle tone and reflex response to head movement Located at ventral border of ventral funiculus- most levels
53
Cervical (C1-8)
Lower: enlarged dorsal and ventral horns White matter dominates Dorsal funiculus w/ gracilis and cuneatus Central gray commisure thin stripe spanning the midline
54
Thoracic (T 1-12)
Narrow dorsal and ventral horns (except T1) White matter dominates Lateral norm- contains intermediolateral cell column: preganglionic sympathetic Nucleus dorsalis (Clarke’s column, nucleus thoracicus)- T1s-L2 Located at medial base of dorsal horn Relay of proprioceptive information about the lower limb Fasciculus cuneatus in upper thoracic sections
55
Lumbar (L 1-5)
Large dorsal and ventral horns Large lateral outpocketings of ventral horns Constricted central gray region Only fasciculus gracilis- laterally-directed wing
56
Sacral (S 1-5)
Low white:gray ratio- gray matter dominates Only funiculus gracilis Thick central gray area spanning the midline Large dorsal and ventral horns Ventral horns don’t bay out laterally Cauda Equina nerve roots adjacent
57
anterior cingulate gyrus
Located in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) Center for saliency Allows a person to prioritize Exerts control over the midbrain (the "conscience" or the "mind") allowing one to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes
58
prefrontal cortex
responsible for decision making.
59
orbitofrontal cortex
Center for impulse control
60
amygdala
Emotional Center | Stores emotional memories about circumstances of drug use
61
hippocampus
Memory Center | Organizes and stores information about circumstances around drug use
62
drugs that increase GABA
alcohol, tranquilizers
63
drugs that decrease GABA
caffeine
64
drugs that increase glutamate
PCP, caffeine
65
drugs that decrease glutamate
alcohol

Neuro (15 decks)

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