Neuro 4

Question 1

seizure definition

Answer 1

clinical manifestation of abnormal excessive synchronization of a population of neurons

Question 2

epilepsy definition

Answer 2

2 unprovoked seizures greater than 24 hrs apart

Question 3

risk of recurrent seizure predictive factors

Answer 3

EEG

seizure etiology

Question 4

who has greatest risk of recurrent seizure

Answer 4

symptomatic w/ abnormal EEG

65% after 2 years

Question 5

who has least risk of recurrent seizure

Answer 5

idiopathic (normal history/exam)
normal EEG
24% after 2 years

Question 6

when are seizures most likely to occur in a lifetime?

Answer 6

at the extremes of life

Question 7

possible seizure triggers

Answer 7

sleep deprivation, alcohol withdrawal, new medications, medication noncompliance

Question 8

spike duration

Answer 8

25-70 ms

Question 9

sharp wave duration

Answer 9

70-200 ms

Question 10

Jacksonian march is an example of what class of seizure

Answer 10

focal –> simple –> precentral gyrus

Question 11

Fencing: contralateral arm is abducted, externally rotated, elevated and head is deviated
“Flexed arm points to the side of the focus”

Answer 11

SMA seizure

Question 12

insular cortex seizure

Answer 12

Throat paresthesias/tightening/sense of suffocation; salivation; sensory
Autonomic symptoms

Question 13

Contralateral deviation of head, eyes, trunk

Answer 13

simple partial seizure- dorsolateral frontal cortex

Question 14

aura

Answer 14

seizure characterized by sensory or psychic disturbance without impaired awareness or other features

Question 15

More or less coordinated adapted involuntary motor activity occurring during the state of clouding of consciousness

Answer 15

automatism -

complex partial seizure

Question 16

MRI finding in temporal lobe epilepsy

Answer 16

mesial temporal sclerosis

Question 17

frontal lobe epilepsy is difficult to distinguish from what?

Answer 17

PNES

Question 18

Brief, clusters, multiple times daily, no postictal period

Stereotyped, hypermotor behavior, i.e. bicycling

Answer 18

Frontal lobe epilepsy

Question 19

distinguishing FLE from PNES

Answer 19

NES will not have ictal EEG correlate

Question 20

circadian distribution is a major trait of

Answer 20

myoclonic jerks and GTS’s

mostly after morning awakening

Question 21

infantile spasms usually associated with

Answer 21

severe developmental epilepsy syndrome

Question 22

hypothalamic nucleus controlling posterior pituitary

Answer 22

paraventricular nucleus

Question 23

which pathway controls feeding via oxytocin

Answer 23

parvocellular pathway to the brainstem

Question 24

what is damaged in Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 24

mammillary bodies

Question 25

ANS: anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus

Answer 25

parasympathetic

Question 26

ANS: posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus

Answer 26

sympathetic

Question 27

___ hypothalamus mediates decreases in heat.

Answer 27

anterior

Question 28

lesion in the anterior hypothalamus

Answer 28

hyperthermia

Question 29

stimulation of anterior hypothalamus

Answer 29

dilation of blood vessels in skin, panting, no shivering

Question 30

____hypothalamus mediates heat conservation

Answer 30

posterior

Question 31

lesion in posterior hypothalamus

Answer 31

hypothermia in a cold environment

Question 32

stimulation of posterior hypothalamus

Answer 32

shivering

constriction of blood vessels in the skin

Question 33

circadian rhythms regulated why which nucleus

Answer 33

suprachiasmatic

Question 34

MPOA lesion in male

Answer 34

no sexual behavior

Question 35

lordosis pathways

Answer 35

VMH –> brainstem relays –> lumbar cord

Question 36

gender identification

Answer 36

uncinate to stria terminalis circuit

Question 37

fighting and mating activation in mice

Answer 37

activation of ventrolateral VMH in males