Neuro 4 Flashcards
seizure definition
clinical manifestation of abnormal excessive synchronization of a population of neurons
epilepsy definition
2 unprovoked seizures greater than 24 hrs apart
risk of recurrent seizure predictive factors
EEG
seizure etiology
who has greatest risk of recurrent seizure
symptomatic w/ abnormal EEG
65% after 2 years
who has least risk of recurrent seizure
idiopathic (normal history/exam)
normal EEG
24% after 2 years
when are seizures most likely to occur in a lifetime?
at the extremes of life
possible seizure triggers
sleep deprivation, alcohol withdrawal, new medications, medication noncompliance
spike duration
25-70 ms
sharp wave duration
70-200 ms
Jacksonian march is an example of what class of seizure
focal –> simple –> precentral gyrus
Fencing: contralateral arm is abducted, externally rotated, elevated and head is deviated
“Flexed arm points to the side of the focus”
SMA seizure
insular cortex seizure
Throat paresthesias/tightening/sense of suffocation; salivation; sensory
Autonomic symptoms
Contralateral deviation of head, eyes, trunk
simple partial seizure- dorsolateral frontal cortex
aura
seizure characterized by sensory or psychic disturbance without impaired awareness or other features
More or less coordinated adapted involuntary motor activity occurring during the state of clouding of consciousness
automatism -
complex partial seizure
MRI finding in temporal lobe epilepsy
mesial temporal sclerosis
frontal lobe epilepsy is difficult to distinguish from what?
PNES
Brief, clusters, multiple times daily, no postictal period
Stereotyped, hypermotor behavior, i.e. bicycling
Frontal lobe epilepsy
distinguishing FLE from PNES
NES will not have ictal EEG correlate
circadian distribution is a major trait of
myoclonic jerks and GTS’s
mostly after morning awakening
infantile spasms usually associated with
severe developmental epilepsy syndrome
hypothalamic nucleus controlling posterior pituitary
paraventricular nucleus
which pathway controls feeding via oxytocin
parvocellular pathway to the brainstem
what is damaged in Korsakoff’s syndrome
mammillary bodies
ANS: anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus
parasympathetic
ANS: posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus
sympathetic
___ hypothalamus mediates decreases in heat.
anterior
lesion in the anterior hypothalamus
hyperthermia
stimulation of anterior hypothalamus
dilation of blood vessels in skin, panting, no shivering
____hypothalamus mediates heat conservation
posterior
lesion in posterior hypothalamus
hypothermia in a cold environment
stimulation of posterior hypothalamus
shivering
constriction of blood vessels in the skin
circadian rhythms regulated why which nucleus
suprachiasmatic
MPOA lesion in male
no sexual behavior
lordosis pathways
VMH –> brainstem relays –> lumbar cord
gender identification
uncinate to stria terminalis circuit
fighting and mating activation in mice
activation of ventrolateral VMH in males
