Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Neuro Drugs > Flashcards

Neuro Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Medications for Cognitive Impairment

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

NMDA receptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Donepezil (Aricept)

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rivastigmine (Exelon)

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Galantamine (Razadyne)

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors mechanism of action

A

Block the breakdown of acetylcholine (Ach) in the synaptic cleft
Increase availability of acetylcholine to postsynaptic Ach receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors

indications

A

Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease dementia
Lewy body dementia (off label)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors side effects

A 
Gastrointestinal: N/V, diarrhea, cramps
Anorexia, weight loss 
Urinary incontinence
Salivation, lacrimation 
Bradycardia / syncope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Memantine (Namenda)

A

NMDA Receptor Antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Memantine Mechanism of action

A

Noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist

May reduce abnormal glutamatergic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Memantine indication

A

Alzheimer’s disease – moderate to severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Memantine side effects

A

Dizziness
Headache
Confusion
Constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

motor symptoms of PD due to

A

dopamine deficiency

loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in substantial nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dopamine deficiency causes

A

less activation of direct pathway
less inhibition of indirect pathway
inhibits movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

levodopa given concurrently with

A

carbidopa

causes nausea and vomiting due to peripheral metabolism in area postrema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sinemet

A

25 mg carbidopa/100 mg levodopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

levodopa side effects

A

Nausea / vomiting
Sleepiness
Hallucinations
Orthostatic hypotension

17
Q

levodopa unique side effects

A

wearing off

dyskinesias

18
Q

levodopa induced dyskinesias

A

Abnormal involuntary movements caused by levodopa

Often are choreiform (dance-like)

19
Q

Pramipexole (Mirapex)

A

Dopamine agonists

20
Q

Ropinirole (Requip)

A

Dopamine agonists

21
Q

Rotigotine (Neupro)

A

Dopamine agonists

22
Q

Dopamine agonists mechanism

A

Directly stimulate postsynaptic (and presynaptic) dopamine receptors

23
Q

advantages of dopamine agonists mechanism

A

less wearing off

less dyskinesias

24
Q

disadvantages of dopamine agonists mechanism

A

Less effective
More orthostatic hypotension, psychosis, and daytime sleepiness
“Sleep attacks” (falling asleep w/o warning)
Pedal edema
Impulse control disorders

25
Q

dopamine agonist withdrawal symptoms

A

mimics cocaine withdrawal

Fatigue/malaise
Anxiety/panic
Depression/dysphoria
Irritability /agitation
Sleep disturbance
Suicidality
Drug cravings
Nausea / vomiting
Orthostatic hypotension
Diaphoresis
Generalized pain
Restlessness
26
Q

non-dopaminergic medications fo PD

A

Anticholinergics
Amantadine
Monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) inhibitors
Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors*

27
Q

anticholinergic side effects

A 
Memory impairment
Confusion / psychosis
Constipation
Urinary retention
Dry mouth
Dry eyes
Blurry vision
28
Q

amantadine (symmetrel) side effects

A

Anticholinergic side-effects
Edema
Orthostatic hypotension
Livedo reticularis (rash)

29
Q

MAO-B inhibitors side effects

A

Nausea
Insomnia
Hallucinations
Orthostatic hypotension

30
Q

COMT inhibitors use

A

reduce wearing off. not effective as mono therapy

work synergistically with carbidopa

31
Q

indications of DBS

A

parkinson’s disease
essential tremor
dystonia

32
Q

huntington’s disease pathology

A

Death of specific striatal medium spiny neurons in the indirect pathway
Loss of striatal projections to the globus pallidus externa
Disinhibition of the thalamus

33
Q

dopamine depleters and blockers

A

Reduce dopaminergic function in the basal ganglia, and tend to reduce movement
Useful in the treatment of chorea and other hyperkinetic movement disorders

34
Q

side effects of haloperidol

A 
Drug-induced parkinsonism
Acute dystonic reactions
Akathisia (restlessness)
Cardiac arrhythmias (QT prolongation)
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
35
Q

treatment of chorea in HD

A

Tetrabenazine (Xenazine)

Blocks the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2), which transports monoamines into synaptic vesicles
Depletes monoamines, including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Neuro (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions