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Y3 Neurology Anatomy > Neuroanatomy 4: Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 4: Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which CN has functions outwith the head?

A

Vagus nerve

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2
Q

What is a cranial nerve associated with in the brain?

A

Association with streak of grey matter in the brain/ brainstem with one function

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3
Q

Which direction do most cranial nerves exit the brain? What are the exceptions?

A

Anteriorly
CN IV - posteriorly
CN VIII - laterally

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4
Q

Soma of sensory nerve cells are found within the CNS. True/ False?

A

False

In ganglia outside the CNS

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5
Q

Which CN is the only sensory modality that does not synpase in the thalamus before reaching the cortex?

A

Olfactory nerve

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6
Q

Which CNs have a nuclei of origin close to the midline?

A

CN III, IV, VI, (XII - closeish)

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7
Q

What is the modality and function of the olfactory nerve?

A

Sensory

Smell

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8
Q

What is the modalities and functions of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Somatic motor - levator ps., SR, MR, IR, IO

Parasympathetic - sphincter pupillae ciliary muscle

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9
Q

What is the ciliary ganglion controlled by?

A

Edinger westphal nucleus

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10
Q

What is the modality and function of the trochlear nerve?

A

Somatic motor - SO

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11
Q

What is the modality and function of the abducens nerve?

A

Somatic motor - LR

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12
Q

What is the modality and function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Somatic motor - geniog, hyog, stylog, intrinsic tongie muscles

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13
Q

What are the 3 functions of the trigeminal nerve and the 4 nuclei associated with it?

A
  1. Somatosensation of face with oral sparing (discriminative touch, vibration - PONTINE TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS)
    (pain, temperature - SPINAL NUCLEUS)
  2. Proprioception associated chewing (TMJ, muscles of mastication, teeth) - MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEUS
  3. Motor control (muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, A belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini) - MOTOR NUCLEUS
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14
Q

What are the trigeminal sensory nuclei?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus
Pontine trigeminal nucleus (PRINCIPAL)
Spinal nucleus

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15
Q

Where does the trigeminal sensory nucleus start and finish?

A

Midbrain

Cervical spinal cord

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16
Q

What is the only site in the CNS where cell bodies of primary afferent neurones live inside the CNS?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus

17
Q

Why do we get bilateral representation of touch, vibration etc. in the cortex from the trigeminal nerve?

A

Most fibres of the ventral trigeminothalamic tract cross in the midline but some don’t

18
Q

What are the 3 functions of the facial nerve and what 3 nuclei are associated with each?

A
  1. Motor supply to muscles of facial expression, stapedius - FACIAL MOTOR NUCLEUS
  2. Parasympathetic to pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia - SALIVATORY NUCLEUS
  3. Taste to the A 2/3s of the tongue via chorda tympani - SOLITATORY NUCLEUS
19
Q

What are the 4 functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve and what 3 nuclei are associated with each?

A
  1. Tactile sense, pain, temperature from P tongue and upper pharynx - SPINAL TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS (small area of ear)
  2. Taste to P 1/3 of tongue - SOLITATORY NUCLEUS
  3. PS to otic ganglion (parotid gland) - SALVATORY NUCLEUS
  4. Motor supply to stylopharyngeus - NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS
20
Q

What are the 4 functions of the vagus nerve and what 4 nuclei are associated with each?

A
  1. Tactile sense, pain, temperature from pharynx to abdomen - SPINAL TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS
  2. Taste (epiglottis) - SOLITATORY NUCLEUS
  3. PS to ganglia serving thoracic and abdominal viscera - DORSAL (MOTOR) NUCLEUS
  4. Motor to muscles of pharynx and larynx (+ CN XI) - NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS
21
Q

What CNs are supplied by the solitatory nucleus?

A

VII, IX, X

22
Q

What CNs are supplied by the salvatory nucleus?

A

VII, IX

23
Q

What CNs are supplied by nucleus ambiguus?

A

IX, X and cranial part of XI

24
Q

List the areas of taste attributed to the solitary nucleus on the tongue and their sensory CN supply from front-back

A 
A 2/3 - VII
P 1/3 - IX
Epiglottis - X
Carotid sinus/ body - IX
Aortic arch and viscera (pulmonary stretch receptors) - X
25
Q

What tract provides the motor input to CN V, VII, X, XII

A

CST

26
Q

What supplies input to PS efferents of CN III, VII, IX, X?

A

Hypothalamus directly and via reticular formation

27
Q

What is reticular formation?

A

Network of loosely aggravated cells with cell bodies, axons and dendrites in the central core of the brainstem

28
Q

What are the functions of the reticular formation?

A

Integrate CN reflexes
Conduct and modulate pain
Voluntary movement
Regulate autonomic activity
Integrate basic functions - respiration, SLEEP
Activate cerebral cortex (component of ARAS)

29
Q

The spinal accessory nerve arises from…

A

Cervical spinal cord

30
Q

Which part of a myelinated axons allows the spread of saltatory conduction?

A

Node of Ranvier

31
Q

The afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex is controlled by which cranial nerve?

A

CNII

32
Q

The efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex is controlled by which cranial nerve?

A

CNIII (thrEEE)

33
Q

Which artery does CNIII travel close too, once exiting the midbrain, and can damage CNIII if there is an aneurysm?

A

Posterior communicating artery

Y3 Neurology Anatomy (12 decks)

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