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Y3 Neurology Anatomy > Neuroanatomy 2: Spinal Cord and Ascending and Descending Pathways > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 2: Spinal Cord and Ascending and Descending Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

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2
Q

What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical (UL)

Lumbar (LL)

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3
Q

What are the terms used to describe a group of cell bodies outside the CNS vs. inside the CNS?

A

Ganglion

Nucleus

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4
Q

What is the pathway taken by each segment of the spinal cord?

A

Rootlets —> Roots —> Subarachnoid space —> Intervertebral foramina —> Roots fuse to form mixed spinal nerve –> Ramii

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5
Q

Posterior root is enlarged by…

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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6
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate? What does it continue as?

A

Conus medullaris

Thin CT cord = Filum terminale

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7
Q

Which foramen allows spinal and cranial meninges to be continuous with each other?

A

Foramen magnum

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8
Q

The spinal cord is suspended in the spinal canal by what ligament? What is it formed from?

A

Denticulate ligament

Pial and arachnoid tissue

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9
Q

What are the 3 components of white matter in the spinal cord?

A

Posterior, lateral and anterior fasciculi

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10
Q

What are the 5 components of grey matter in the spinal cord?

A

Left and right posterior and anterior horns (arms of ‘H’)

Dorsal and ventral grey commisures (join of ‘H’) which surround central canal

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11
Q

What is the arterial supply of the spinal cord and what do they originate from?

A

Vertebral arteries —> 1 anterior and 2 posterior longitudinal arteries

Vertebral, intercostal, lumbar arteries —> Segmental arteries

Various spinal arteries —> Radicular arteries

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12
Q

Where do radicular arteries travel?

A

Along dorsal and ventral roots

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13
Q

What is the venous drainage of the spinal cord?

A

Similar to supply - longitudinal and segmental veins

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14
Q

In the spinal canal, what is the space between dura and bone known as? What is it composed of?

A

Epidural space

Adipose tissue and venous plexuses

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15
Q

Information from the periphery reaches the cortex in the spinal cord. What parts of the body are an exception to this?

A

Face and scalp

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16
Q

The ascending spinal cord tract is sensory/motor, whereas the descending is sensory/motor

A

Sensory

Motor

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17
Q

What is the role of the dorsal column/ medial lemniscus system?

A

SENSORY: Fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioception (mostly upper limb)

18
Q

Where do the fibres from the medial lemniscus system originate, cross and synapse to reach the cortex?

A

Medial lemniscus!
Medulla
VPL nucleus of thalamus

19
Q

What is the role of the spinothalamic tract? Where is it located on the spinal cord?

A

SENSORY: Carries pain, temperature and deep pressure

Anterior (split into ventral and lateral)

20
Q

Where do the fibres from the spinothalamic tract originate, cross and synapse to reach the cortex?

A

Spinal lemniscus (Medulla)
Segmentally in spinal cord
Thalamus

21
Q

What is the role of the corticospinal/pyramidal tract?

A

MOTOR: fine, precise movement especially of distal limb muscles, for example digits

22
Q

Where do the fibres from the CST start and end?

Where do the fibres from the corticospinal tract cross?

A

Cortex and spinal cord (lumbar region)
Medulla at decussation of pyramids (why it is also referred to as pyramidal tract)
NOT ALL OF THEM!

23
Q

The crossed fibres of the CST form what part of the CST? Where is this part of the tract located on the spinal cord?

A 
Lateral
Laterally (between dorsal horns and ventral body)
24
Q

The uncrossed fibres of the CST form what part of the CST? Where is this part of the tract located on the spinal cord?

A

Ventral (cross segmentally in spinal cord)

Anteriorly in the midline

25
Q

Which spinal tract is involved in decorticate posturing?

A

Corticospinal tract (FLEXOR - ARMS LIKE C)

26
Q

What is the motor system outside the pyramidal tract known as? What tracts is it composed of?

A

Extrapyramidal system

Tectospinal, reticulospinal, vestibulospinal tracts

27
Q

What is the role of the tectospinal tract?

A

Input to cervical segments - mediate reflex head and neck movement due to visual stimuli e.g. following a moving bus with your eyes

28
Q

What is the role of the reticulospinal tract?

A

Forms central core of brainstem - receives input from all parts of CNS and influences voluntary movement, breathing and heart rate

29
Q

Where do fibres from the reticulospinal tract originate from?

A

Reticular formations in the pons and medulla

Pons - extensor movement, inhibits flexor
Medulla - flexor movement, inhibits extensor

30
Q

What is the role of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

Excitory input to ‘antigravity’ extensor muscles e.g. stabilise yourself if falling (LATERAL)
Control head movement via neck and back muscles (MEDIAL)

31
Q

Where do fibres from the vestibulospinal tract originate from and where do they receive inputs from?

A 
Vestibular nuclei (lateral (Deiters nucleus) and medial) of pons and medulla
CNIII from vestibular labyrinths and cerebellum
32
Q

Which spinal tract is involved in decerebrate posturing?

A

Vestibulospinal tract (EXTENSOR - ARMS LIKE E)

33
Q

Where does the TST start and end?

A

Optic tectum or superior colliculus (roof of midbrain) and spinal cord (cervical region)

34
Q

Where does the TST recieve inputs from?

A

Retina, visual cortex and afferents

35
Q

Where does the lateral and medial VST terminate, respectively?

A

Lumbar spinal cord

Cervical spinal cord

36
Q

Where do axons of the TST deccusate?

A

Dorsal tegmental decussation in the brainstem

37
Q

What is the function of the rubrospinal tract, and where do the fibres originate?

A

Extra-pyramidal tract that excites flexors and inhibitis extensors of UL
Red nucleus in midbrain

38
Q

What is the function of the spinocerebellar tract?

A

SENSORY

Transmits unconscious proprioceptive information for posture and movement

39
Q

The DCML pathway divided into what two divisions after synapsing? How are these differentiated on the spinal cord?

A

> T6: Nucleus cuneatus (lateral between dorsal horns)

< T6: Nucleus gracillus (medial between dorsal horns)

40
Q

Outline the somatotopic layout of the corticopsinal tract, in terms of anatomical location controlled, at the spinal cord

A 
Medial = UL
Lateral = LL
41
Q

Label the parts of a cross-section of the spinal cord

A

GOOGLE IMAGES

Y3 Neurology Anatomy (12 decks)

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