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PSYC 301 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

define lyssenphalic cortex

A

it’s a smooth cortex, non convoluted, of some other mammals, birds, etc

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2
Q

parts of the convolutions

A

gyrus (outward) and sulcus (inward)

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3
Q

Callosotomy

A

surgical disconnection of the hemispheres

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4
Q

controlateral organization

A

one brain hemisphere controls opposite side of the body

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5
Q

which hemisphere dominates language?

A

left hemisphere

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6
Q

commissures

A

tracts that connect the hemispheres

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7
Q

what does the central fissure does?

A

separates frontal from parietal lobe

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8
Q

what does the lateral fissure does?

A

separates temporal from frontal/parietal lobes.

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9
Q

sensory pathway

A

afferent (bottom-up)

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10
Q

motor pathway

A

efferent (top-down)

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11
Q

components of somatic nervous system

A

sensory & motor pathway

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12
Q

components of autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic (efferent)

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13
Q

plural of nucleus

A

nuclei

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14
Q

plural of ganglion

A

ganglia

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15
Q

What are cell clusters called?

A

nuclei and ganglia

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16
Q

difference between nuclei and ganglia

A

both refer to clusters of nervous cells, but nuclei are the ones in the CNS and ganglia the ones in the PNS

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17
Q

what kind of cell cluster is the basal ganglia?

A

nucleus

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18
Q

What is tract?

A

bundle of axons in the CNS

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19
Q

What is nerve?

A

bundle of axons in the PNS

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20
Q

what are fibers?

A

all types of bundles of axons

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21
Q

types of bundle of axons

A

tract (CNS), nerve (PNS), fibers (all)

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22
Q

What is the optic chiasm?

A

designates where the CNS begins, separating the optic nerve and the optic tract

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23
Q

Neuraxis

A

extension of nervous system

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24
Q

anterior side

A

rostral

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25
posterior side
caudal
26
superior side
dorsal
27
inferior side
ventral
28
Where does the 90º turn happens in humans and changes brain designated terminology?
as of forebrain
29
types of anatomical sections/slices
horizontal, coronal, (mid)sagital
30
parts of the hindbrain
metencephalon, myelencephalon
31
parts of the midbrain
mesencephalon
32
parts of the forebrain
telencephalon, diencephalon
33
function of myelencephalon (medulla)
involuntary control of life-sustaining functions; slight damage can be fatal
34
extension of the reticular formation
myelencephalon, through metencephalon, to mesencephalon (tegmentum)
35
reticular formation
rich in nuclei; critical for basic features of animal life: maintaining consciousness, attention, arousal, sleep, wakefulness.
36
components of metencephalon
lots of myelinated tracts; Pons & Cerebellum
37
function of the pons (metencephalon)
handles autonomic processes, and contains several junctions
38
function of Cerebellum (metencephalon)
coordinate motor activity, muscle tone, and balance.
39
volume of cerebellum
is only 10% of brain volume, but contains 50% of all the neurons
40
parts of the mesencephalon
tectum & tegmentum
41
parts of the tectum
superior colliculi and inferior colliculi
42
function of superior colliculi (tectum)
directs eyes and attention to salient information in environment; outside conscious control
43
function of inferior colliculi (tectum)
directs attention to salient sound in environment; outside conscious control
44
Tegmentum contains
top of reticular formation; periaqueductal grey; red nucleus
45
periaqueductal grey (tegmentum)
internal analgesia; important role in regulating emotion expression and controlling basic physiological function as it is an interphase between frontal cortex and brain stem
46
most dopamine-producing area in the brain
substantia nigra and ventral tegmental arc (VTA) (in tegmentum)
47
red nucleus (tegmentum)
governs movement; "species specific behavior"
48
What area is related to movement intersecting with emotion
tegmentum
49
structures of the diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
50
thalamus
information hub; almost all sensory systems (except olfactory) go through thalamus before distributed brain;
51
corticothalamic loops
synapses that go back and forth between cortex and thalamus; thought to be physical base for conscious awareness.
52
damage to the thalamus
array of impairments: sensory, motor, attentional, consciousness...
53
structure of Hypothalamus
not just one structure - contains many nuclei. main junction with endocrine system through pituitary gland
54
function of hypothalamus
many evolutionarily relevant functions: sex and libido, aggression, eating and its sensation, sleep and wakefulness
55
Telencephalon
the cerebral cortex; highly convoluted
56
insula
oldest cortex; plays role in taste and some emotions (disgust, anger)
57
Limbic system contains
amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex
58
function of amygdala
emotional learning and emotional behavior output
59
function of hippocampus
long-term memory
60
components of basal ganglia
striatum, globus pallidus
61
sections of striatum (basal ganglia)
putamen, caudate, nucleus accumbens
62
role of basal ganglia
"muscle memory", movement, skills, habits, decision-making
63
how many layers are there in the neocortex
6, invariably, even though they look different in different regions
64
primary Broadmann somatosensory area
1, 2, 3
65
primary Broadmann motor area
4
66
primary Broadmann visual area
17
67
which arteries are part of the cerebral blood flow
vertebral, left internal carotid, right internal carotid
68
what are astrocytes
cells that mediate the entrance of nutrients from blood to neurons
69
What are the 3 meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
70
longitudinal fissure
separates the two hemispheres

PSYC 301 (12 decks)

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