causes of brain dysfunction Flashcards
types of open head injuries
penetrating and perforating
types of hematomas from contusion
epidural, subdural, intracranial
contusion
occurs by brain slamming against the skull, producing internal hemorrhaging and a resultant hematoma
types of closed head injuries
coup & coup countrecoup
concussion
mTBI - no evidence of contusion or other structural damage; collection of symptoms
Tumour
abnormal cell growth; usually white matter cells
encapsulated tumor
inside membrane, single mass growing slowly. Benign. Small chance of growing back
Meningioma
encapsulated tumor between meninges
infiltrating tumor
grows through surrounding brain tissue, woven in with healthy tissue. Malignant. High chance of reoccurring.
metastatic tumor
started somewhere else and carried to the brain, growing as infiltrating tumor.
glioblastoma
most common type of malignant brain tumor. Most malignant.
infarct
dead area following stroke, within 4 minutes
penumbra
nearby regions with disrupted blood flow. Neurons may live or die in following 2 weeks. Major goal is saving penumbra
Types of stroke
ischemic & hemorrhagic
Ischemic stroke
disruption of blood supply to some brain area due to blockage
Hemorrhagic stroke
generally worse (loss of blood supply + blood is toxic for brain).
aneurism
stretch on artery, creating blood balloon that may rupture. Common factor of aging
Treatment for aneurysm
clipping & endovascular coiling
3 main causes of cerebral ischemia
thrombosis, embolism, arteriosclerosis
Apoptosis
programmed cell death from too much calcium
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
progressive, irreversible diminished cognitive ability. caused by repeated blows to the head (even w/o concussion)
Taupathies
CTE, Alzheimers, Parkinsons
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
cerebral abscesses
pus pockets from bacteria
