Neuroanatomy

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

ANS is?

Answer 2

Autonomous or visceral nervous system

Question 3

Grey matter consist of?

Answer 3

Nuclei and cortex (contains the neurons)

Question 4

What is White matter

Answer 4

Tracts of axons

Question 5

Enteric nervous system

Answer 5

innervation and organization of the gut local plexus

Question 6

Important elements of neurons

Answer 6

Cell body - Axon - Dendrite

Question 7

Outside of the the brain

Answer 7

Cortex

Question 8

Why is Whitematter white?

Answer 8

Myolin (fat)

Question 9

Where is Greymatter

Answer 9

Close to ventricle (Core)

Question 10

3 types of neurons

Answer 10

Unipolar, Bipolar and Pseudo-unipolar cells

Question 11

Neurons function

Answer 11

Neurons receive inputs through axonal synapses that target dendrites, dendritic spines or soma

Question 12

Neurons in layers on the outside of the brain

Answer 12

Cortex

Question 13

Neurons close to the ventricle

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Axons travel together in tracts

Answer 14

Corpus callosum

Question 15

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 15

Makes myelin in CNS

Question 16

Astrocyte

Answer 16

1. Participate in formation of the 
           blood-brain barrier.
	2. Controls glutamate levels in 
             intracellular space
	3. Are required to provide 
            glutamate to neurons
        4.Control homeostasis in the 
            brain

Question 17

Schwann cell

Answer 17

provide the myelin sheet around the axon in PNS

Question 18

Presynaptic element (end of axon) contains?

Answer 18

synaptic vesicles and mitochondria

Question 19

postsynaptic elements

Answer 19

cellbody / dendrite / spine of a dendrite / axon

Question 20

4 main arteries

Answer 20

• L & R internal carotid artery
  
  • L & R vertebral artery
  • Internal carotids supply
    
    • Basal artery

Question 21

Brainstem consist of

Answer 21

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla

Question 22

Hindbrain

Answer 22

Metencephalon (Cerebellum & Pons)

Myelencephalon (Medulla oblongata)

Question 23

Midbrain

Answer 23

Mesencephalon (superior and inferior colliculi)

Question 24

Forebrain

Answer 24

Telencephalon (Cerebral cortex & Cerebral nuclei)

Diencephalon (Thalamus, hypothalamus, Retina)

Question 25

locus coeruleus

Answer 25

Noradrenergic system

Question 26

raphe nuclei

Answer 26

Serotonergic system

Question 27

substantia nigra compacta

Answer 27

Dopaminergic

Question 28

Serotonergic system

Answer 28

Involved in fear , anxiety , depression

Question 29

Noradrenergic system

Answer 29

Part of the reticular activating system: arousal , sleep / wake cycle , posture , attention

Question 30

Dopaminergic system

Answer 30

Subst. Nigra: Regulate fine motor control , involved in reward

Question 31

Histaminergic system: Tuberomammilary nucleus

Answer 31

Sleepwake cycle , arousal

Question 32

Cholinergic system: Nc . Basalis

Answer 32

Learning and memory , Main transmitter in the attention parasympathetic nervous system

Question 33

Thalamus

Answer 33

• Relaying sensory and motor signals

- Regulation of consciousness and alertness

Question 34

Hypothalamus

Answer 34

basic behavioral functions: eating/drinking, fight/flight, sexual behavior

Question 35

Telencephalon function

Answer 35

Cortex with functional divisions:

• Sensory
• Motor
• Association

Question 36

Names of the 4 lobes and their functions + Cerebellum

Answer 36

1. Frontal lobe (judgement and emotional response)
2. Temporal lobe (sensory processing)
3. Parietal lobe (motor and sensory skills)
4. Occipital lobe (visual processing)
5. Cerebellum: (cognitive skills, movement coordination and learning)

Question 37

Basal ganglia’s division and function

Answer 37

Division:
Striatum, Subthalamic nucleus, Substantia nigra (dopaminergic cells)

Function:
Automatic motor function