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Neuroanatomy final exam > Neuro- vestibular system > Flashcards

Neuro- vestibular system Flashcards

1
Q

the vestibular labyrinth is restricted to the ________

A

membranous labyrinth

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2
Q

what is the vestibular labyrinth filled with?

A

endolymph

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3
Q

what are the 2 subdivisions of the vestibular labyrinth?

A

1) otolith organ

2) semicircular canals

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4
Q

what 2 structures make up the otolith organ?

A

a) Utriculus

b) Sacculus

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5
Q

The neuroepithelium of the otolith organ is the _____

A

macula

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6
Q

______ are imbedded in the macula

A

otoliths

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7
Q

the otolith organ is known as the “_______ labyrinth”, while the semicircular canal is known as the “______ labyrinth”

A

otolith- static labyrinth

semicircular- dynamic labyrinth

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8
Q

the semicircular canals are continuous with the cavity of the _______

A

utricle

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9
Q

what part of the semicircular canal contains neuroepithelium?

A

the Ampulla

the opening of the canals- holds the crista ampullaris

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10
Q

the neuroepithelium of the semicircular canals is called the what?

A

crista ampullaris

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11
Q

the gelatinous ______ of the crista ampullaris floats in endolymph

A

cupula

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12
Q

the membranous labyrinth is suspended within the _____________

A

osseous labyrinth

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13
Q

the osseous labyrinth is filled with _______, while the membranous is filled with ______

A

osseous= perlymph

membranous= endolymph

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14
Q

what range of vibrations can the otolith organ sense?

A

0-1 Hz

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15
Q

the otolith organ is responsive to _____ acceleration

A

linear

like an elevator

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16
Q

the static labyrinth is activated when the head ________

A

tilts

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17
Q

what happens in the static labyrinth when the head is tilted?

A

the otoliths embedded in the macula will deflect the hairs (stereocilia) of the hair cells

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18
Q

the hair cells of the static labyrinth are _______ sensitive. what can they measure?

A
  • directionally sensitive

- measure direction and amplitude

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19
Q

the dynamic labyrinth consists of what?

A

3 pairs of semicircular cells

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20
Q

what is another name for the dynamic labyrinth?

A

semicircular canals

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21
Q

the semicircular canals sense ___________

A

turning movements of the head

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22
Q

the semicircular canals are sensitive to what range of vibrations?

A

1-10 Hz

higher freq than otolith organ

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23
Q

the canals of the dynamic labyrinth specifically respond to _____ acceleration

A

angular

24
Q

what is the primary function of the dynamic labyrinth (semicircular canals)?

A

provide reflex control of eye movement

25
Q

T/F: the endolymph of the semicircular canals is constantly moving

A

False- does not move when head is at rest

26
Q 
function of the semicircular canals: 
when the head turns, the \_\_\_\_\_ will deflect while the \_\_\_\_\_ remains stationary
A

cupula of the crista ampullaris deflects

endolymph remains stationary

27
Q

when the cupula deflects, _____ fibers fire

A

afferent

28
Q

the hair cells of the crista ampullaris are _____ sensitive

A

directionally

29
Q

when the head moves toward midline, the hair cells of horizontal semicircular canals will ______ their firing rate

A

increase

30
Q

when the head turns, the ______ on one side deflect toward midline, while the ______ on the opposite side deflects away

A

cupula

31
Q

T/F: deflecting the cupula away from the midline will decrease the firing rate of hair cells

A

true

32
Q

turn your head to the right. what happens to the cupula on the right side of the head? what does this cause?

A

cupula on right will deflect medially

- this increases the firing rate of the crista ampullaris

33
Q

the eye responds via the ____-_____ to deflect the eye based on info from semicircular canals

A

vestibulo-ocular

34
Q

the Doll’s Eye Phenomenon is a measure of what?

A

the function of vestibulo-ocular reflex arc

35
Q

during the doll’s eye phenomenon, what happens to the eyes?

A

they move in response to movement of the head

36
Q

T/F: the eyes move in the same direction as the head during the doll’s eye phenomenon

A

false- they move in the opposite direction

37
Q

name the path of the ascending vestibular projections

A

-Medial longitudinal fasciculus = the pathway

final destination:

  • Pontine tegmentum
  • cerebellum
38
Q

what are the ascending vestibular projections responsible for?

A

Eye movement control

from CEREBELLUM down to the eye muscles

39
Q

where do the descending vestibular projections go?

A

spinal cord

40
Q

what do the descending vestibular projections control?

A

antigravity muscles

41
Q

the eyes can move only so far in the _____

A

orbit

42
Q

when the eyes reach a certain point, they do what?

A

reset their position

43
Q

T/F: the velocity of the eyes resetting is very fast

A

true

44
Q

what is Nystagmus?

A

oscillating eye movements

45
Q

the _____ system is responsible for the slow component of Nystagmus

A

vestibular

46
Q

the fast components of Nystagmus cause what?

A

resetting of the eye

47
Q

water or air introduced into the external auditory canal will stimulate what?

A

neuroepithelium of the ampule

-horizontal semicircular canal

48
Q

what happens to the eyes during the caloric test?

A

moving horizontally (slow phase)

snapping back quickly (fast phase)

49
Q

what does the acronym COWS stand for?

A

Cold opposite, warm same

50
Q

what will happen to the subject during the caloric test?

A

they experience the illusion that the room is rotating around them

51
Q

T/F: if cold water is used for the caloric test, the fast phase will be in the opposite direction

A

true

52
Q

where is the vestibular cortex found?

A

posterior insular cortex

53
Q

Name the brain structure in which primary afferents of the semicircular canals and otolith organ terminate.

A

Terminates in the pontine tegmentum & cerebellum

54
Q

Within which region of the pontine tegmentum/cerebellum do the eye-movement controlling fibers terminate?

A

vestibular nuclei

55
Q

Name the myelinated pathway that links the vestibular nuclei with the eye movement-control nuclei

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

connects vestibular nuclei with abducens nuclei

56
Q

What is the location of the primary vestibular cortex?

A

Posterior insular cortex

-part of the parietal lobe

57
Q

The vestibulo-ocular reflex is normally inhibited by the _________

A

cortex

Neuroanatomy final exam (10 decks)

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