Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy final exam > histo- cardiovascular system > Flashcards

histo- cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major components of the cardiovascular system? what is its major function?

A

Major components: Heart, blood vessels, blood

major function: transportation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the ____ are the receiving chambers of the heart

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the _____ are the discharging chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the “pump for the systemic circuit”?

A

left side of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what part of the heart is the “pump for the pulmonary circuit”

A

right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Left Atrium – receives __________ blood

A

oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Right Atrium – receives _________ blood

A

deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the Fibrous skeleton of the heart is composed of what parts?

A
  • Four fibrous rings surrounding valve orifices
  • Two fibrous trigones connecting rings
  • Membranous portion of interventricular and interatrial septa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the heart wall is lined with a _____ membrane

A

serous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the Epicardium?

A

outer layer of the heart

covered with a visceral layer of serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the Myocardium? what is it primarily composed of?

A

middle layer of the heart

composed primarily of the cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which heart layer contains the fibrous skeleton?

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 3 components of the endocardium?

A

1) endothelial cells
2) layer of dense connective tissue & smooth muscle
3) deep connective tissue (contains intrinsic conduction system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name the two atrioventricular valves:

A

1) Tricuspid Valve

2) Bicuspid or Mitral Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name the 2 semilunar valves:

A

1) Aortic Semilunar Valve

2) Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heart valves enforce _____ blood flow through the heart

A

one way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

heart valves open/close in response to what?

A

pressure changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

There are no valves associated with entrances of which structures?

A

1) venae cavae
2) coronary sinus
3) pulmonary veins into the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

heart valves are composed of what?

A

connective tissue with overlying endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 3 layers of heart valves?

A

1) spongiosa
2) fibrosa
3) Ventricularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the spongiosa layer of heart valves:

A
  • loose connective tissue covered in endothelium
  • located on atrial or blood vessels side of valve
  • made of collagen and elastic fibers
  • functions as a shock absorber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fibrosa layer of the heart valves:

A

-core of valve

contains fibrous extensions from the dense irregular connective tissue of skeletal rings of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ventricularis layer of heart valves:

A
  • dense connective tissue with layers of elastic fibers covered in endothelium
  • adjacent to ventricular side of the valve.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

from the atrial side to the ventricular side, name the layers of the heart valves

A

1) spongiosa
2) fibrosa
3) ventricularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The cardiac muscle of the heart is able to _________________without impulses from the nervous system

A

depolarize and contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what system allows the heart to depolarize and contract without input from the nervous system?

A

intrinsic cardiac conduction system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are noncontractile cardiac cells called?

A

cardiac conducting cells or autorhythmic cells

28
Q

_________ can generate an action potential without nervous system input.

A

cardiac conducting cells or autorhythmic cells

29
Q

autorhythmic cells are organized into nodes and highly specialized conducting fibers/tracts called _________

A

Purkinje Fibers

30
Q

what can effect the intrinsic heart rate?

A
  • sympathetic input
  • parasympathetic input
  • hormones
31
Q

what is the “pacemaker of heart”?

how does it determine heart rate?

A

Sinoatrial Node

determines heart rate through its sinus rhythm

32
Q

from the sinoatrial node, impulses travel to the _________

by what pathway do they travel?

A

atrioventricular node

travel via the internodal pathway/tracts

33
Q

why is the electric impulse delayed in the atrioventricular node?

A

to allow the for the atria to contract

34
Q

from the AV node, where will impulses travel?

A

impulse travels from atrioventricular node to the right and left AV bundles

35
Q

what is the only electrical connection between atria and ventricles?

A

Atrioventicular Bundle (AKA- Bundle of His)

36
Q

where do the branches of the atrioventricular bundle go?

A

toward apex of heart through interventricular (IV) septum

37
Q

where do pacemaker impulses terminate?

A

Purkinje Fibers

-finish pathway in interventricular septum, around apex of heart, and head back towards atria

38
Q

what are the 2 Cells of the Intrinsic Conduction System?

A

1) Nodal cardiac cells

2) Purkinje fibers

39
Q

Nodal Cardiac Cells: where are they found? what are they made of?

A
  • Found in the SA and AV nodes

- made of modified cardiac muscle cells

40
Q

Purkinje Fibers: where are they found? what are they made of?

A
  • Found in AV bundle, bundle branches, and subendothelial branches (found in the ventricles)
  • made of modified cardiac muscle cells
41
Q

T/F: Purkinje fibers and nodal cardiac cells are larger than the contractile cardiac cells around them

A

False:

Nodal cardiac cells are smaller
Purkinje fibers are larger

42
Q

Three major types of blood vessels are:

A

1) arteries
2) veins
3) capillaries

43
Q

The walls of blood vessels (except the smallest) have three layers/tunicas. Name them.

A

1) Tunica Interna
2) Tunica media
3) tunica externa

44
Q

what are the three parts of the tunica interna?

A

a. endothelium
b. basal lamina
c. subendothelial layer

45
Q

Tunica Media – contains rings of _________

A

smooth muscles cells

46
Q

In cross section, arteries will appear more ______ and veins more ______

A

arteries- open

veins- collapsed

47
Q

what is the thickest layer of arteries? veins?

A

arteries- tunica media

veins- tunica externa

48
Q

name the 4 types of arteries

A

1) Elastic or Conducting Arteries (Large Arteries)
2) Muscular or Distributing Arteries (Medium Arteries)
3) Small Arteries
4) Arterioles

49
Q

walls of elastic/conducting arteries contain large amounts of ________

A

elastic fibers

50
Q

which type of artery/arteries can contain vasa vasorum and nervi vascularis in their walls?

A

elastic arteries

muscular arteries

51
Q

where are Continuous Capillaries found?

A

muscle, lung, and central nervous system

52
Q

where are Fenestrated Capillaries found?

A

endocrine glands and at sites of fluid and metabolite absorption

53
Q

Fenestrated capillaries contain oval pores called what?

A

fenestrations

54
Q

where are discontinuous capillaries found?

A

Found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow

55
Q

in which capillaries can you see pinocytotic vessels?

A

Continuous & Fenestrated capillaries

56
Q

which type of capillary can contain pericytes?

A

continuous capillaries

57
Q

what structures form a functional unit called the microcirculatory bed?

A

1) the arteriole
2) the capillary network
3) and the postcapillary venule

58
Q

Two Types of Vessels in the Capillary Network:

A

1) True Capillaries

2) Arteriovenous (AV) Anastomoses or Shunts

59
Q

The More the Precapillary Sphincters Relax (and the smooth muscle of the AV shunt contract), the more……

A

the more blood will pass through the true capillaries in the capillary beds.

60
Q

The More the Precapillary Sphincters Contract, the more……

A

the more blood will pass through the arteriovenous anastomoses and bypass the true capillaries.

61
Q

name the 4 types of veins, starting from the smallest

A

1) venule
2) small veins
3) medium veins
4) large veins

62
Q

what tunica layer is largest in veins? (especially large & medium veins)

A

Tunica adventitia

63
Q

what makes up the valves found in the veins of the limbs?

A

thin folds of tunica intima– endothelial cells over a thin layer of connective tissue

64
Q

a capillary consists of only one layer: they ______

A

endothelium

65
Q

in blood vessels, the internal elastic membrane surrounds the ____________, and the external elastic membrane surrounds the ___________

A

internal elastic membrane- tunica interna/intima

external elastic membrane- tunica media

Neuroanatomy final exam (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions