Hist- respiration Flashcards
what are the 3 principal functions of the respiratory system?
1) Air Conduction
2) Air Filtration
3) Gas Exchange (respiration
the functional divisions of the respiratory system:
1) conducting system
2) respiratory system
the ________ division is where gas exchange (i.e. respiration) takes place
respiratory
the first part of the respiratory division is the _________
respiratory bronchioles
Pulmonary blood vessels (coming from right side of heart) enter the lung with the ______ and branch as they follow the what?
enter with the bronchi
branch as they follow the bronchiole tree
what play a significant role in conditioning the incoming air?
Mucous and serous secretions
Cilia of respiratory epithelium sweep the mucous with the trapped particulate matter toward the _____
pharynx
Respiratory Epithelium is made of:
Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
______ cells are stem cells from which all other respiratory cell types arise
basal cells
the conducting system’s walls mucosa is divided into what 2 regions?
1) respiratory epithelium
2) lamina propria
the conducting system is wrapped in a layer of ______
adventitia
the pharynx behind the nasal cavity and oral cavity are divided regionally into the:
A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) laryngopharynx
the nasopharynx is made of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, while the other 2 regions are composed of what?
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
although most of the larynx is covered with respiratory epithelium, the luminal surface of the vocal folds is covered in what?
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
the larynx includes irregularly shaped ____________
plates of cartilage
what parts of the pharynx are made of hyaline cartilage?
thyroid and cricoid cartilages
what parts of the pharynx are made of elastic cartilage?
epiglottis, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages
the arytenoid cartilages are made of what?
a mix of hyaline and elastic cartilage
the tracheal cartilages and trachealis muscle separate what?
the submucosa from the adventitia
name the order of air flow, starting with the primary bronchi:
1) primary (main) bronchi
2) second (lobar) bronchi
3) tertiary (segmental) bronchi
4) bronchioles
5) terminal bronchioles
at which bronchi levels do we see extensive branching?
A) Tertiary (segmental) bronchi
B) bronchioles
as the conducting pathway branches get smaller, we see less _______ and more ______
less cartilage, more smooth muscle
as we go down the conducting pathway, the height of lining epithelial cells _______
decreases
which main bronchus is much shorter, wider, and more vertical?
right bronchus
each lobar bronchi supplies/enters what?
a lobe of the lung (right has 3, left has 2)
the left lung has _____ tertiary/segmental bronchi, while the right lung has ______
left lung- 8-10
right lung- 10
the smooth muscle layer of bronchi is called the ________
the muscularis
the Submucosa layer in larger bronchi contains what?
seromucous glands
______ cells are present in the largest of bronchioles but begin to decrease
goblet
_____________ are the first place that allow gas exchange
respiratory bronchioles
what are the segments of the respiratory system? (start at the largest segment)
A) Respiratory Bronchioles
B) alveolar ducts
C) alveolar sacs
D) alveoli
where are Clara cells found? what is their function?
found in terminal bronchioles & respiratory bronchioles
secrete lipoprotein that prevents bronchiolar wall adhesion during exhalation
T/F: clara cells are found interspersed with ciliated cells in the bronchioles
true
Type 1 alveolar cells:
- AKA alveolar surface epithelial cells
- squamous cells
- lines 95% of alveolar surface
Type 2 alveolar cells:
- AKA septal cells
- cuboidal cells
- cover approximately 5% of alveolar surface
__________ discharge a phospholipid called surfactant
Type 2 alveolar cells
what is the role of Alveolar Macrophages (AKA dust cells)
phagocytize inhaled particulate matter and red blood cells.
_______ compose the wall of alveolar capillaries
Endothelial Cells
The air in an alveolus and the blood in the capillary is separated be a respiratory membrane, the ____________
blood-air barrier
what are the layers of the blood-air barrier?
1) Surface lining & cytoplasm of the alveolar cells
2) Fused basal laminae of alveolar cells &capillary cells
3) Cytoplasm of the endothelial/capillary cells
