Hist- respiration

Question 1

what are the 3 principal functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

1) Air Conduction
2) Air Filtration
3) Gas Exchange (respiration

Question 2

the functional divisions of the respiratory system:

Answer 2

1) conducting system

2) respiratory system

Question 3

the ________ division is where gas exchange (i.e. respiration) takes place

Answer 3

respiratory

Question 4

the first part of the respiratory division is the _________

Answer 4

respiratory bronchioles

Question 5

Pulmonary blood vessels (coming from right side of heart) enter the lung with the ______ and branch as they follow the what?

Answer 5

enter with the bronchi

branch as they follow the bronchiole tree

Question 6

what play a significant role in conditioning the incoming air?

Answer 6

Mucous and serous secretions

Question 7

Cilia of respiratory epithelium sweep the mucous with the trapped particulate matter toward the _____

Answer 7

pharynx

Question 8

Respiratory Epithelium is made of:

Answer 8

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 9

______ cells are stem cells from which all other respiratory cell types arise

Answer 9

basal cells

Question 10

the conducting system’s walls mucosa is divided into what 2 regions?

Answer 10

1) respiratory epithelium

2) lamina propria

Question 11

the conducting system is wrapped in a layer of ______

Answer 11

adventitia

Question 12

the pharynx behind the nasal cavity and oral cavity are divided regionally into the:

Answer 12

A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) laryngopharynx

Question 13

the nasopharynx is made of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, while the other 2 regions are composed of what?

Answer 13

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

although most of the larynx is covered with respiratory epithelium, the luminal surface of the vocal folds is covered in what?

Answer 14

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 15

the larynx includes irregularly shaped ____________

Answer 15

plates of cartilage

Question 16

what parts of the pharynx are made of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 16

thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Question 17

what parts of the pharynx are made of elastic cartilage?

Answer 17

epiglottis, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages

Question 18

the arytenoid cartilages are made of what?

Answer 18

a mix of hyaline and elastic cartilage

Question 19

the tracheal cartilages and trachealis muscle separate what?

Answer 19

the submucosa from the adventitia

Question 20

name the order of air flow, starting with the primary bronchi:

Answer 20

1) primary (main) bronchi
2) second (lobar) bronchi
3) tertiary (segmental) bronchi
4) bronchioles
5) terminal bronchioles

Question 21

at which bronchi levels do we see extensive branching?

Answer 21

A) Tertiary (segmental) bronchi

B) bronchioles

Question 22

as the conducting pathway branches get smaller, we see less _______ and more ______

Answer 22

less cartilage, more smooth muscle

Question 23

as we go down the conducting pathway, the height of lining epithelial cells _______

Answer 23

decreases

Question 24

which main bronchus is much shorter, wider, and more vertical?

Answer 24

right bronchus

Question 25

each lobar bronchi supplies/enters what?

Answer 25

a lobe of the lung (right has 3, left has 2)

Question 26

the left lung has _____ tertiary/segmental bronchi, while the right lung has ______

Answer 26

left lung- 8-10 right lung- 10

Question 27

the smooth muscle layer of bronchi is called the ________

Answer 27

the muscularis

Question 28

the Submucosa layer in larger bronchi contains what?

Answer 28

seromucous glands

Question 29

______ cells are present in the largest of bronchioles but begin to decrease

Answer 29

goblet

Question 30

_____________ are the first place that allow gas exchange

Answer 30

respiratory bronchioles

Question 31

what are the segments of the respiratory system? (start at the largest segment)

Answer 31

A) Respiratory Bronchioles B) alveolar ducts C) alveolar sacs D) alveoli

Question 32

where are Clara cells found? what is their function?

Answer 32

found in terminal bronchioles & respiratory bronchioles secrete lipoprotein that prevents bronchiolar wall adhesion during exhalation

Question 33

T/F: clara cells are found interspersed with ciliated cells in the bronchioles

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Type 1 alveolar cells:

Answer 34

- AKA alveolar surface epithelial cells - squamous cells - lines 95% of alveolar surface

Question 35

Type 2 alveolar cells:

Answer 35

- AKA septal cells - cuboidal cells - cover approximately 5% of alveolar surface

Question 36

__________ discharge a phospholipid called surfactant

Answer 36

Type 2 alveolar cells

Question 37

what is the role of Alveolar Macrophages (AKA dust cells)

Answer 37

phagocytize inhaled particulate matter and red blood cells.

Question 38

_______ compose the wall of alveolar capillaries

Answer 38

Endothelial Cells

Question 39

The air in an alveolus and the blood in the capillary is separated be a respiratory membrane, the ____________

Answer 39

blood-air barrier

Question 40

what are the layers of the blood-air barrier?

Answer 40

1) Surface lining & cytoplasm of the alveolar cells 2) Fused basal laminae of alveolar cells &capillary cells 3) Cytoplasm of the endothelial/capillary cells