embryo- respiratory system

Question 1

during what week does the Laryngotracheal Groove & Lung Bud form?

Answer 1

week 4

Question 2

Laryngotracheal groove appears in the __________

Answer 2

floor of caudal pharynx

Question 3

how does the lung bud form?

Answer 3

Laryngotracheal Groove protrudes ventrally, forming an endodermal outgrowth from the foregut

Question 4

the lung bud is also called the __________

Answer 4

respiratory diverticulum

Question 5

what separates the lung bud (ventrally) from the foregut (dorsally)?

Answer 5

tracheoesophageal septum

Question 6

The respiratory diverticulum retains a connection with the ______ at the primordial laryngeal inlet

Answer 6

pharynx

Question 7

what condition can cause a risk of polyhydramnios?

Answer 7

Tracheoesophageal Fistula & Esophageal Atresia

Question 8

an Esophageal atresia caused by what?

Answer 8

caused by posteriorly deviating septum

Question 9

the lung bud becomes what?

Answer 9

Larynx, Trachea, Respiratory Tree, Lungs

Question 10

the epithelial lining and glands of airways are from what germ layer of the lung bud?

Answer 10

endoderm

Question 11

the _________ of the lung bud will give rise to smooth muscle and connective tissue of airways

Answer 11

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 12

the _________ develops as the portion of the foregut immediately caudal to the pharynx

Answer 12

Esophagus

Question 13

Laryngeal cartilages and musculature arise from which pharyngeal arch pairs?

Answer 13

pharyngeal arch pairs 4 and 6

Question 14

Epiglottis forms from _________ of the caudal hypopharyngeal eminence

Answer 14

mesenchyme

Question 15

Laryngeal mm. arising from 4th arch are innervated by which nerve?

Answer 15

superior laryngeal n.

Question 16

Laryngeal mm. arising from 6th arch are innervated by the ___________ nerve

Answer 16

recurrent laryngeal n.

Question 17

Lung bud divides to form two ______________

Answer 17

primary bronchial buds

Question 18

the 2 primary bronchial buds will eventually become what?

Answer 18

primary bronchi

Question 19

Primary Bronchial Buds Extend Into what?

Answer 19

Pericardioperitoneal Canals

Question 20

the pericardioperitoneal canals eventually form what adult derivative?

Answer 20

pleural cavities

Question 21

____________ gives rise to visceral pleura of the lungs

Answer 21

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 22

______________ lining thoracic body wall gives rise to the parietal pleura

Answer 22

Somatic mesoderm

Question 23

Primary bronchial buds divide to form _________ buds

Answer 23

secondary (lobar) bronchial buds

Question 24

Each secondary bronchus will supply what?

Answer 24

a lobe of the lung

Question 25

a Tertiary bronchus and its surrounding tissue make up a ____________

Answer 25

bronchopulmonary segment

Question 26

what are the 4 stages of lung development?

Answer 26

Pseudoglandular (6-16 weeks)

Canalicular (16-26 weeks)

Terminal sac (26 weeks to birth)

Alveolar (32 weeks to 8 years of age)

Question 27

during the pseudoglandular phase, All major lung structures have developed except for what?

Answer 27

the most distal portions of respiratory tree where gas exchange occurs

Question 28

during which stage of lung development does lung tissue becomes highly vascular?

Answer 28

canalicular stage

Question 29

by the end of the canalicular stage, each terminal bronchiole has split into what?

Answer 29

2 respiratory bronchioles

Question 30

during the terminal sac stage, what will develop?

Answer 30

More terminal sacs (primitive alveoli) develop. they are hugged by capillaries

Question 31

the __________ barrier is formed during the terminal sac stage

Answer 31

blood-air barrier

Question 32

during the terminal sac stage, Type II alveolar cells begin to do what?

Answer 32

produce, store, and secrete pulmonary surfactant

Question 33

what is the job of pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 33

• Lines inner wall of alveolus
• reduces surface tension at the air-alveolar interface
• prevents alveolar collapse upon exhaling

Question 34

when do Type II cells begin to produce surfactant?

Answer 34

weeks 20-22

Question 35

Premature babies of 24 to 26 weeks may survive, but could suffer from _______________

Answer 35

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 36

what causes Respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 36

lack of sufficient pulmonary surfactant production

Question 37

what become fully functional during the alveoli stage?

Answer 37

Alveoli

Question 38

95% of mature alveoli develop _________

Answer 38

postnatally