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Neuroanatomy final exam > Neuro- cerebral localization > Flashcards

Neuro- cerebral localization Flashcards

1
Q

prominent cell types of the cerebral cortex:

A

Pyramidal cells

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2
Q

all pyramidal cells are _____

A

excitatory

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3
Q

how many cell layers does the Neocortex contain?

A

6 cell layers

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4
Q

the Archicortex contains ____ cell layers

A

3 cell layers

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5
Q

where is the Archicortex is most prevalent?

A

Hippocampus

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6
Q

________ fibers travel from the thalamus to the cortex

A

Thalamocortical fibers

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7
Q

Where do association fibers travel?

A

from one region of the cortex to another on the same side

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8
Q

Commissural fibers go where?

A

From one side to the same region of the opposite side of the cortex

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9
Q

where do projection fibers travel to?

A

A) basal ganglia
B) limbic system
C) brainstem
D) spinal cord

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10
Q

visual projection travel in the ____________ tract (optic radiations)

A

Geniculocalcarine tract

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11
Q

T/F: a Geniculocalcarine tract contains the visual projection from one eye

A

false

  • half from ipsilateral eye
  • half from contralateral eye
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12
Q

The occipital cortex consists anatomically of _______ layers

A

horizontal layers

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13
Q

the occipital cortex is functionally organized in ______ ______ first

A

vertical columns

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14
Q

an injury to the visual association cortex will lead to:

A

-visual agnosia

can see an object but cannot recall what the object is used for, or what its name is

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15
Q

columns in the primary visual cortex will ______ for projections from each eye

A

alternate

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16
Q

what is the role of the Primary visual cortex in image processing?

A
  • Detection of edges

- some “fill-in-the-blanks”

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17
Q

what is the role of the visual association cortex in image processing?

A
  • Color

- stereopsis

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18
Q

what does the Parvocellular system process? the Magnocellular system?

A

Parvocellular- detail & color

Magnocellular- locomotion & movement

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19
Q

the Magnocellular peripheral vision system projects to where?

A

Superior parietal lobe

the “where” system

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20
Q

The Parvocellular macular vision system projects to:

A

inferior temporal lobe

the “what” system

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21
Q

the visual cortex is supplied by which artery?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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22
Q

the FFA (Fusiform face area) is found in the __________ gyrus

A

Ocipitotemporal gyrus

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23
Q

damage to the FFA will lead to:

A

Prosopagnosia

-patient cannot recognize faces

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24
Q

A loss of the parietal cortex will lead to what?

A

Loss of sensation over contralateral body

25
Q

overall function of the parietal cortex:

A

knows where everything is located and creates a plan to contact objects on and near body

(you need your parietal cortex to grab your mug of coffee)

26
Q

the superior parietal lobule contains a map of the ______ ______

A

Contralateral body

27
Q

input to the Superior parietal lobule

A

Touch and vision

-object location, size, shape, orientation

28
Q

function of the superior parietal lobule

A

eye and arm movement

uses the intraparietal sulcus

29
Q

what would be the affects of a lesion to the superior parietal lobule?

A

-Tactile agnosia
(AKA “astereoagnosia”)

-optic ataxia

30
Q

what is optic ataxia?

A

loss of ability to direct hand to a nearby object

31
Q

Inferior parietal lobule: what are its inputs?

A

A) touch
B) vision (the main input)

  • creates map of body and peripersonal space
  • senses object movement and self movement
32
Q

function of the inferior parietal lobule

A
  • maps velocity & direction of visual objects
  • directs eyes toward object
  • assembles eye-hand movement
33
Q

a lesion of the inferior parietal lobule will lead to what?

A

Apraxia-
inability to carry out learned motor act

gerstmann’s syndrome-
Finger agnosia, can’t read/write, left/right confusion

34
Q

Sensory hemineglect syndrome: where is the lesion and what does it cause

A

Lesion of the NON-dominant inferior parietal lobule

loss of map of contralateral body and world
where you don’t realize you have a left or right side of your body

35
Q

what are the left and right temporal lobes specialized for? medial temporal lobe?

A

Left- speech

right- music

medial- memory

36
Q

a lesion to the temporal lobe can cause ______

A

amnesia

37
Q

Wernicke’s area is mainly involved with ______ and ______

A

speech and language

its part of the temporal lobe

38
Q

Wernicke’s area is found where?

A

Posterior superior temporal gyrus

39
Q

what are the effects of a lesion to Wernicke’s area?

A

free-flowing speech with no content

40
Q

the Frontal lobe: the lateral aspects are involved in ______ control

A

motor control

41
Q

the premotor area of the frontal lobe will fire during ____________

A

potential motor actions

42
Q

which artery supplies the lateral aspects of the frontal lobe? the medial aspects?

A

lateral- middle cerebral artery

medial- anterior cerebral artery

43
Q

a lesion of the lateral primary motor area (frontal lobe) leads to what?

A

paralysis of CONTRALATERAL side

-mainly effects the hands

44
Q

a leasion of the lateral premotor area of the frontal lobe will lead to what?

A

contralateral paresis (weakening) of upper arm

45
Q

contralateral paralysis of the leg is the result of a lesion to the:

A

medial aspect of the primary motor area (frontal lobe)

46
Q

effects of a lesion to the MEDIAL supplementary motor area (frontal lobe)

A

A) Akinesis- cannot initiate movement

B) mutism- cannot initiate speech

47
Q

T/F: a lesion of the medial supplementary motor area on the dominant side will inhibit speech

A

true

48
Q

the dorsolateral aspect of the prefrontal cortex will interact with what? what is it involved in?

A

interacts with orbitofrontal cortex

involved with working memory

plans motor responses

49
Q

T/F: the dorsolateral aspect of the prefrontal cortex receives input from the parietal lobe only

A

false- also receives input from temporal cortex

50
Q

the orbitofrontal cortex (of the prefrontal cortex) has reciprocal connections with the ______ and the _______

A

limbic system and the hypothalamus

51
Q

what is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex?

A
  • where emotions are consciously appreciated

- its a repository of “socially acceptable behavior”

52
Q

T/F: speech and language are a function of the dominant hemisphere

A

true

53
Q

the motor component of language is in the _____

A

frontal lobe- in Broca’s area

54
Q

what artery supplies Broca’s area?

A

middle cerebral area

55
Q

what happens when Broca’s area is inujred?

A

Broca’s expressive aphasia

  • jerky, halting speech with content (meaningful, but not fluid and smooth)
56
Q

T/F: the premotor area of the cortex is found posterior (dorsal) to the primary motor area

A

False- it is directly anterior (ventral)

57
Q

nerve fibers from Wernicke’s receptive speech area will travel to where?

A

Broca’s expressive speech area

58
Q

where do the output fibers of the superior parietal lobule go to?

A

premotor cortex

Neuroanatomy final exam (10 decks)

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