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Neuroanatomy final exam > Neuro- ear anatomy & auditory system > Flashcards

Neuro- ear anatomy & auditory system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the structures of the external ear?

A

1) Pinna
2) external auditory canal
3) tympanic membrane

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2
Q

the middle ear consists of the Tympanic membrane, and the middle ear cavity which holds the ______

A

ossicles

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3
Q

name the ossicles

A

Malleus
incus
stapes

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4
Q

the tensor tympani muscle attaches to which ossicle?

A

Malleus

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5
Q

what nerve innervates the tensor tympani muscle?

A

CN 5 (trigeminal)

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6
Q

which muscle attaches to the stapes?

A

stapedius muscle

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7
Q

the stapedius muscle is innervated by what?

A

CN 7 (facial nerve)

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8
Q

the inner ear consists of 2 ______

A

labyrinths

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9
Q

which inner ear labyrinth is located in the temporal bone?

A

osseous labyrinth

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10
Q

the membranous labyrinth contains ___________ of the ear

A

neuroepithelium

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11
Q

the cochlear duct and organ of corti are located where?

A

in the membranous labyrinth

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12
Q

the vestibular labyrinth is involved with sensing ______

A

balance

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13
Q

the osseous labyrinth is found in the ______ portion of the temporal bone

A

petrous

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14
Q

the osseous labyrinth is filled with what fluid?

A

perilymph

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15
Q

the membranous labyrinth consists of ducts and chambers filled with ______

A

endolymph

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16
Q

the membranous labyrinth contains the sensory ______ of the inner ear

A

neuroepithelium

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17
Q

the membranous portion of the cochlear division of the inner ear consists of the ____ ____

A

scala media

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18
Q

what is another name for the scala media?

A

cochlear duct

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19
Q

what are the 3 ducts of the cochlea?

A

1) Scala media (cochlear duct)
2) Scala tympani
3) Scala vestibuli

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20
Q

the scala media is part of the _______ labyrinth

A

membranous

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21
Q

the scala vestibule is part of the ______ labyrinth

A

osseous (bony) labyrinth

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22
Q

the Footplate of the stapes is the ________

A

oval window

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23
Q

the scala ____ is filled with endolymph

A

scala media

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24
Q

which structures are filled with perilymph?

A

1) Scala Vestibuli

2) Scala Tympani

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25
Q

the auditory duct starts at the oval window and ends at the ______ window

A

round

26
Q

the organ of corti is also known as what?

A

the spiral organ

27
Q

what separates the scala vestibuli from the scala media?

A

Vestibular (reissner’s) membrane

28
Q

the scala media is bounded by the vestibular and basilar membranes. this cavity is filled with ______

A

endolymph

29
Q

where is the organ of corti found?

A

inside the scala media

30
Q

what structure lies directly above the hair cells in the organ of corti?

A

tectorial membrane

31
Q

hair cells of the organ of corti are in contact with ___________ nerves

A

statoacoustic nerves

32
Q

which cranial nerve projects statoacoustic nerves into the organ of corti?

A

CN 8

33
Q

the basilar membrane separates which 2 cochlear chambers?

A

scala tympani from the scala scala media

34
Q

what are the 2 auditory streams

A

the “what” and the “where”

35
Q

the “what” auditory stream is involved with what form of processing?

A

language processing

36
Q

which cochlear nucleus is involved with the “what” auditory system?

A

dorsal cochlear nucleus

37
Q

the “where” auditory stream is involved with what aspect of sound stimuli

A

location of sound

38
Q

the “where” auditory stream is involved with which cochlear nucleus?

A

ventral cochlear nucleus

39
Q

which nuclei are involved with the flow of information from the ventral cochlear nucleus?

A

1) superior olivary nucleus

2) nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

40
Q

most of the output neurons from the ventral cochlear nucleus project to where?

A

superior olivary nucleus

41
Q

the superior olivary complex is involved with sound ______

A

location

42
Q

what factors allow the superior olivary complex to detect sound location?

A

1) time delay between ears

2) intensity differences of sound

43
Q

the superior olivary complex uses the ________ system

A

olivocochlear system

44
Q

what is the termination of the olivocochlear system?

A

outer hair cells of cochlea

45
Q

the olivocochlear system’s function is to:

A

A) protect from loud sounds
B) suppress constant background noise

plays a role in postnatal hearing development

46
Q

from the spiral ganglion and statoacoustic nerves (of CN 8), the nerves travel where?

A

to the cochlear nuclei

47
Q

what type of nerve fibers exit the cochlear nuclei?

A

crossing, second order, auditory fibers

48
Q

fibers from the cochlear nuclei ascend ______ and ______

A

ipsilateral and contralateral

49
Q

fibers of the cochlear nuclei travel through the __________ to reach the inferior colliculus

A

Lateral lemniscus

50
Q

after passing through the lateral lemniscus, where do nerve fibers terminate?

A

the inferior colliculus

51
Q

nerve fibers from the inferior colliculus travel where?

A

A) medial geniculate body

then to the primary auditory cortex

52
Q

Where is the medial geniculate body found?

A

the thalamus

53
Q

the “what” auditory stream projects from the primary temporal gyrus in a ventral direction to where?

A

superior and middle temporal gyri

language processing

54
Q

the “where” auditory stream projects dorsally to what part of the cortex?

A

superior parietal lobule

**plans motor response to stimuli location

55
Q

nerve fibers traveling from the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus are responsible for what? which auditory stream are they from?

A

from the “where” auditory stream

give reflex response to sound stimuli

56
Q

what areas of the temporal lobe are involved with “what” auditory processing?

A

superior & middle temporal gyrus

57
Q

what specific gyrus contains the primary auditory gyrus?

A

Helschl’s gyrus

Brodmann’s area 41

58
Q

where in the cortex does word processing occur?

A

Anterior Superior temporal gyrus

59
Q

where does sentence processing occur in the cortex?

A

Posterior Superior temporal gyrus

60
Q

which gyrus of the cortex is responsible for planning motor function based on sound?

A

superior parietal lobule

61
Q

which structure is responsible for generating reflexes based on sound?

A

superior colliculus

62
Q

the superior olivary complex is responsible for what 2 functions?

A

1) sound location

2) olivocochlear system (protect ear from loud noises)

Neuroanatomy final exam (10 decks)

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