NEURO TRACTS R RUINING MY LIFE Flashcards
damage to which extrapyramidal tract(s) would result in extensor hypertonia
hypertonia = spasticity
Rubrospinal
Medullar tract of Reticulospinal
damage to which extrapyramidal tract(s) would result in issues with orientating the head and eyes to gaze / focus on an object
Tectospinal
damage to which extrapyramidal tract(s) would result in extenror hypotonia
hypotonia = flaccid
Pontine tract of Reticulospinal
Vestibulospinal
potential locations for UMN lesions
- brain
- C1-C5
- T3-L3
potential locations for LMN lesions
- C6-T2
- L4-S3
UMN or LMN damage: inability to move, hyperreflexia, increase muscle tone
UMN
UMN or LMN damage: inappropriate or absent movement, decreased muscle tone, hyporeflexia, flaccidity
LMN
corticobulbar (extrapyramidal) tracts convey what type of motor control
involuntary
corticospinal (pyramidal) tract convey what type of motor control
voluntary, conscious skilled movement
what is the only extrapyramidal tract that does not have contralateral crossing
vestibulospinal
where does input to the vestibulospinal tract come from
vestibular apparatus of the inner ear and the cerebellum
where does input to the rubrospinal tract come from
motor cortex and cerebellum
where does input to the tectospinal tract come from
sensory info from environmental stimuli (visual, auditory, etc)
where does input to the reticulospinal tract come from
motor cortex
what does the pontine tract of the reticulospinal pathway do
excites alpha and gamma neurons of the extensors of proximal and axial musculature
allows for alpha gamma coactivation
what does the medullar trat of the reticulospinal pathway do
inhibits the pontine tract, thus inhibiting extensors
What are the afferent UMN pathways and what info do they carry
- Dorsal lemniscus - touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception
- Lateral spinothalamic - pain and temperature
- Ventral spinothalamic - touch
what extrapyramidal pathway allows for alpha gamma coactivation in reflexes
reticulospinal
muscle tone is the resting level of ______ in a muscle; regulated by the activity of …?
tension
muscle spindle afferents and alpha gamma co-activation
what type of vestibular syndrome is associated with head tilt and affects the labyrinth within the petrosal bone
peripheral
what type of vestibular syndrome is associated with paresis/hemiparesis, gait and posture defects
central disease
brainstem
what ocular reflex maintains eyes on visual target while
head/body is in motion
vestibulo-ocular
what ocular reflex (in birds) keeps the head and neck muscles adjust to maintain head position
ocular-collic
what reflex has the main goal of stabilizing the body
vestibulospinal reflex
what are the 3 locations that CN VIII projects via vestibular nuclei
- vestibulospinal tracts
- medial longitudinal fasciculus
- vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodular node)
what visual pathway is responsible for Conscious visual perception of form, movement, color, orientation and
depth
retino-geniculo striate pathway
A patient with left lateral displacement (exotropia) could
have a lesion in the:
left oculomotor nucleus (CN III)
what visual pathway provides pupillary reflexes and reflex
orientation of the eyes to visual targets
retino-tectal
what visual pathway provides for light to set physiological rhythms (day-night; seasonal patterns) in the Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
what layer of the cortex has glial cells and dendrites of neurons from lower layers
I
what layer of the cortex receives thalamic input
4
What layer of the cortex gives efferent neurons to the spinal cord
5
what layer of the cortex has projections to the basal ganglia and thalamus
6
what cells are in layers 2-6 of the cortex
stellate cells(receive afferents from brainstem sensory neurons)
pyramidal cells sends axons to other parts of cortex
long distance excitatory cells in the cerebral cortex
pyramidal neurons
long distance excibitory AND inhibitory cells of the cerebral cortex
stellate neurons
