Neuro/Psych Flashcards
IVH in preterm infants usually originates from where? Why?
Germinal matrix
layer in subventricular zone from which neurons and glial cells migrate out during brain development
later in gestation, it becomes less prominent and decreases cellularity and vascularity
what drug can be used to prevent vasospasm after SAH
CCB (ni-something)
acoustic neuromas associated with what mutation
NF2 on chromosome 22
what is Dandy-Walker malformation
small/absent cerebellar vermis
& cystic dilation of fourth ventricle w/ posterior fossa enlargeemnt
what is Arnold-Chiari malformation
downward displacement of cerebellum (vermis, tonsils) and medulla through foramen magnum
this is type II Chiari malformation, which is more severe and usu evident in neonatal perioid
2 causes of diabetic neuropatyh
- nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins -> hyalinization and narrowing of artery walls –> diabetic microangiopathy of endoneural arterioles –> ischemic nerve damage
- intracellular hyperglycemia in peripheral nerves –> glucose converted to sorbitol and fructose –> sorbitol increases cell osmolarity –> osmotic damage to axons and schwann cells
death from TCA overdose most commonly due to what
cardiac arrhythmia due to Na channel inhibition
explain isioniazid-induced neuropathy
isoniazid is structurally similar to B6 so it competes with B6 binding sites leading to defective synthesis of NT like GABA.
can prevent with pyridoxine (B6) supplementation
CNS tumors of neuron origin often stain positive for
synaptophysin
CNS tumors of glial origin stain for what?
list examples of such timors
GFAP
- astrocytoma
- ependymoma
- oligodendroglioma
what is most common EXTRAcranial solid neoplasm in children?
where does it originate from
how does it present
what paraneoplastic syndrome can result
neuroblastoma
neural crest cells of adrenal medulla
abdominal mass & elevated catecholamine breakdown products
can result in opsoclonus-myoclonus
how to differentiate between normal stress response and acute stress disorder
symptoms of acute stress disorder are distressing or cause social/occupational impairment
list some features of borderline personality disorder
- impulsive
- feeling empty
- unstable relationships
- fear of abandonment
- recurrent suicidality
- mood instability
- intense anger
difference between Chiari I and Chiari II
Chiari I is less severe, only tonsils thru foramen magnum. Present in adolescence/adulthood w/ HA, cerebellar dysfunction
Chiari II is more severe with displacement of cerebellar tonsils, vermis, and medulla thru foramen magnum. evident in neonatal period.
what are some distinguishing features of LEMS
- hyporeflexia
- autonomic symptoms
- increasing response to repeptive stimulation
0ften associated with small cell lung caner (half)
