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STEP 1 > Anat/MSK/Skin > Flashcards

Anat/MSK/Skin Flashcards

1
Q

ulnar nerve injury can present with

A
  • sensory loss in medial 1.5 digits of hand
  • ulnar claw deformity

motor deficits on

  • wrist adduction
  • wrist flexion
  • finger abduction/adduction
  • flexion of 4th and 5th digits
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2
Q

musculocutaneous nerve injury presents with

A
  • loss of sensation over lateral forearm

- paralysis of forearm flexors at the elbow

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3
Q

axillary nerve injury presents with

A
  • loss sensation over lateral upper arm

- deltoid weakness

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4
Q

median nerve injury presents with

A

-palmar sensory loss involving most of 1st-3rd digits

motor deficits in:

  • wrist flexion/abduction
  • flexion of 2nd/3rd digits
  • flexion/opposition of thumb

may have preacher’s hand when attempting to make fist bc weakness of thenar and flexor digitorum profundus muscles of 2nd/third digits

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5
Q

radial nerve injury results in

A
  • sensory loss of posterior arm and forearm, dorsolateral hand, dorsal thumb
  • wrist drop (bc radial nerve innervates extensor compartment of forearm)
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6
Q

what muscle passes thru greater sciatic foramen?

-function?

A

piriformis

-external hip rotation

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7
Q

Marfan syndrome is due to defect in

A

fibrillin-1

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8
Q

anterior humerus dislocation assoc with injury to ___ nerve. what symptoms result?

A

axillary nerve

deltoid paralysis
decr sensation over lateral shoulder

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9
Q

organisms that can cause Reactive arthritis

what are the classic symptoms of Reactive arthritis

A

can’t see (conjunctivitis)
can’t pee (urethritis)
can’t climb a tree (arthritis)

ShY ChiCS

Shigella
Yersina
Chlamydia
Campylobacter
Salmonella
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10
Q

McCune-Albright syndrome

  • cause
  • symptoms
A

activating mutation in G protein / cAMP / AC pathway

triad:

  • fibrous dysplasia of bone
  • endocrine dysfnction
  • cafe-au-lait spots
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11
Q

what type of collagen in osteoid

A

Type I collagen

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12
Q

obturator nerve injury

  • nerve root
  • causes of injury
  • sensory deficit
  • motor deficit
A

L2-L4
anterior hip disloc, iatrogenic (pelvic surg)

circular area of inner thigh
thigh adduction

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13
Q

femoral nerve injury

  • nerve root
  • causes
  • sensory deficit
  • motor deficit
A

L2-L4
pelvic fracture
mass involving iliopsoas/iliacus muscle (eg hematooma, abscess)

anterior and medial thigh
medial leg

thigh flexion
leg extension

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14
Q 
common peroneal injury 
-nerve root
-causes
-motor deficit
sensory deficit
A

L4-S3
fibula neck fracture
nerve compression at fibular neck

lateral lower leg and dorsum of foot

foot eversion
durosiflexion
toe extension

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15
Q

tibial nerve injury

  • nerve root
  • causes
  • sensory deficit
  • motor deficit
A

L4-S3
knee trauma

dorsum (bottom) of foot

foot inversino
plantar flexion
toe flexion

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16
Q

superior gluteal nerve injury

  • nerve root
  • deficits
  • causes
A

L4-S2
iatrogenic (eg posterior hip dislocation or buttocks injection)
no sensory deficit
thigh abduction

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17
Q

inferior gluteal nerve injury

  • nerve root
  • deficit
  • causes
A

L5-S2

causes same as superior gluteal–iatrogenic eg posterio hip dislocation or buttocks injection

no sensory deficit

thigh extension

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18
Q

Gottron papules are seen in?

A

Dermatomyositis

is like polymyositis, but also with cutaneous involvement (and perimysial inflamm)
proximal muscle weakness–eg difficulty climbing stairs, combing hair, elev muscle enzymes

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19
Q

MOA bisphosphonates?

  • used for what
  • list an exampl drug
A

inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

  • similar structure as pyrophosphate. They attach to hydroxyapatite binding sites on bony surface. OC that resorb the bone take up the bisphosphonated and can’t adhere to bony surface to continune resoprtion
  • decrease OC proton prod, induce OC apoptosis and decr development/recruitment of OC precursors

alendronate, risedronate

osteoporosis

20
Q

anti-cyclic citrullilnated peptide antibodies associated with?

A

RA

21
Q

list 4 seronegative spondyloarthropathies

-often associated with what HLA type

A
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • reactive arthritis
  • arthritis assoc with IBD
  • psoriatic arthritis

HLA-B27 (MHI class)

22
Q

majority of blood supply to femoral head/neck comes from

A

medial femoral circumflex and its branches

injury to these vessels due to displaced femoral neck fx can cause osteonecrosis of femoral head

23
Q

how do glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory response?

how do they depress the immune response

A

anti-inflamm:
inhibi phospholipase A2 -> decr prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis

immune:
inhibit transcription of multiple cytokines and adhesion proteins, reducing luekocyte recruitment and activation

24
Q

MOA Denosumab

-what is it used for

A

binds RANKL and inhibits binding to RANK (a receptor on oc precurosrs)

reduces osteoclast differentiation and survival

25
Q

what are recombinant PTH analogs for

  • name and example drug
  • MOA
A

osteoporosis

stimulates maturation of pre-osteoblasts
increases GI calcium absorption and renal tubular calcium absorption

teriparatide

26
Q

what Ab is specific for SLE

A

anti-ds DNA

27
Q

what Ab are found in drug induced lupus?

list 4 drugs that commonly cause

A

anti-histone

Procainamide
isoniazid
hydralazine
D-penicillamine

28
Q

what Ab are found in Sjogren syndrome?

-symptoms

A

anti-ro/SSA
anti-La/SSB

dry eyes, dry mouth
parotid gland enlargement

incr risk non-Hodgkin lymphoma

29
Q

what is antiphospholipid syndrome

-what features

A

causes hypercoagulable state

may suffer recurrent miscarriage

paradocially increased PTT despite propensity toward thrombosis

30
Q

what Ab is specific for systemic sclerosis

A

anti-DNA topoisomerase (Scl-70)

31
Q

lateral epicondylitis

  • what muscle’s tendon involved?
  • function of this muscle?
A

extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorium, which originate on the lateral epicondyle

involved in wrist extension

32
Q

what muscles involved in forearm flexion? (3)

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • brachioradialis
33
Q

De Quervain tenosynovitis

  • symptoms
  • cause
A

overuse of abductor pollicus longus and brevis

thumb and wrist pain

34
Q

most common location for hematogenous osteomyelitis in adults?

A

vertebral body

(not in long bones bc adult epiphyses have closed)

in general the condition is more common in children

35
Q

hematogenosu osteomyelitis in children usually affects where? why?

A

metaphysis of long bones bc slower blood flow and capillary genestrae in this region

36
Q

best spot to give butt injection

A

superomedial quandrant

37
Q

trendelenburg gait

  • what is it
  • cause
A

hip drops when that foot is lifted off the ground

due to injury to CONTRAlateral superior gluteal nerve or gluteus medius muscle

38
Q

Ehler’s danlos can be caused by mutation in what? what results from this mutation, specifically?

A

procollagenase peptidase

impaired cleavage of terminal propeptides in the extracellular space. the collage is soluble, does not properly crosslink

39
Q

cause of albinism

A

melanocytes don’t make melanin bc absent/defective tyrosinase

40
Q

vitiligo cause

A

loss of melanocytes

41
Q

what nerve mediates cough reflex

-where is this nerve located

A

internal laryngeal nerve (of CN X)

above the vocal cordsm just under piriform recess

42
Q

Meniere disease

  • symptoms
  • cause
A

vertigo, unilateral tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss

increased volume and pressure of endolymph in vestibular apparatus
thought to be due to decreased endolumph absorption

43
Q

what nerve can be injured in thyroid surgery

-what happens?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of CN X)

unilateral injury -> hoarseness
bilateral injury -> inspiratory stridor and resp distress due to complete vocal cord paralysis

44
Q

most common location of orbital blowout fractures

A

medial or inferior orbital walls (due to thin bone bordering the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses)

45
Q

surgery for undescended testicle involves pulling testicle out through what canal?
-what forms this canal

A

through the superficial inguinal canal

superficial inguinal ring is physiologic opening in external abdominal oblique

(deep inguinal ring is a physiologic opening in transversalis fascia)

46
Q

gonadal artery arises from

A

abdominal aorta

STEP 1 (12 decks)

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