Neuro lab final secondary Q's

Question 1

First synapse for fine touch/vibrotactile and conscious proprioceptive info for lower extremeties.

Answer 1

nucleus Gracilis

Question 2

Afferent fibers are fasciculus gracilis. Efferent fibers are medila lemniscus.

Answer 2

nucleus Gracilis

Question 3

First synapse for fine touch/vibrotactile and conscious proprioceptive info for upper extremeties.

Answer 3

nucleus cuneatus

Question 4

Afferent fibers are fasciculus cuneatus. Efferent fibers are medila lemniscus

Answer 4

nucleus cuneatus

Question 5

First synapse for unconscious proprioceptive info for upper half of body.

Answer 5

accessory cuneate

Question 6

Afferent info through cuneocerebellar tract.

Answer 6

accessory cuneate

Question 7

First synapse for temp., pain and light touch of the face.

Answer 7

Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus:

Receives fibers from CN V, VII, IX and X in relation to somatosensory input from the ear

Part of ventral trigeminothalamic tract.

Question 8

Involved with trigeminal neuralgia.

Answer 8

Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus:

Question 9

Rostral portion receives afferent gustatory (taste) input.Major cranial nerves with axons that synapse here: VII, IX, X

Answer 9

nucleus solitary tract

Question 10

Loose collection of nuclei through all levels of brainstem.

Answer 10

reticular formation

Question 11

Responsible for “integrative” functions, including motor control, autonomic output, and regulation of behavioral state (eg. sleep and wake)

Answer 11

reticular formation

Question 12

Descending fibers of voluntary motor control from the cortex and projecting to spinal cord (corticospinal tract). At the level of the medulla, 80 % will decussate.

Answer 12

pyramid

Question 13

Ascending, 2nd order sensory fibers carrying fine touch/vibrotactile and conscious proprioceptive info to the VPL of the thalamus from the posterior/dorsal columns.

Answer 13

medial lemniscus

Question 14

Ascending temp, pain and light touch pathway. Contralateral info at level of medulla. Input through Lissauer’s fasciulus. Project to the VPL of the thalamus. CVA in the thalamus that disrupts this tract can result in “thalamic pain”.

Answer 14

spinothalamic (ant/ lat)

Question 15

Ascending temp, pain and light touch pathway.

Answer 15

spinothalamic (ant/ lat)

Question 16

Bundle of ascending, decussating, 2nd order sensory fibers carrying fine touch/vibrotactile and conscious proprioceptive info to the VPL of the thalamus from the posterior/dorsal columns. Decussation occurs after synapse at Nucleus Gracilis/Nucleus Cuneatus

Answer 16

internal arcuate decussation

Question 17

First synapse for temp., pain and light touch of the face.

Answer 17

Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus

Question 18

First synapse for temp., pain and light touch of the face. Receives fibers from CN V, VII, IX and X in relation to somatosensory input from the ear. Part of ventral trigeminothalamic tract. Involved with trigeminal neuralgia.

Answer 18

Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus

Question 19

First synapse of afferent vestibular info from Scarpa’s ganglia, and sometimes a collection of primary sensory afferent cell bodies from inner ear.

Answer 19

Vestibular Nuclei

Question 20

Projects to both cerebellum via the vestibulocerebellar pathway and the oculomotor muscles via the MLF. Also sends descending projections to the spinal cord to regulate motor control of the trunk and extensor muscles via the vestibulospinal tract.

Answer 20

Vestibular Nuclei

Question 21

descending projections to the spinal cord to regulate motor control of the trunk and extensor muscles via the vestibulospinal tract

Answer 21

Vestibular Nuclei

Question 22

Large nucleus in the medulla that sends contralateral projections to the cerebellum via the olivocerebellar tract

Answer 22

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Question 23

Fibers terminate as “climbing fibers” on purkinje cells. Also receives cerebellar output info. Involved in learning unconscious motor tasks .

Answer 23

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Question 24

Brainstem lower motor neuron pool containing axons that innervate muscles of the larynx and pharynx. Part of CN IX, X, XI

Answer 24

Nucleus Ambiguus

Question 25

Major motor nucleus containing lower motor axons that innervate muscles of the ipsilateral tongue. Part of CN XII

Answer 25

Hypoglossal Nucleus

Question 26

Major preganglionic, parasympathetic motor nucleus of CN X. Innervates the lungs, heart, stomach and GI tract.

Answer 26

dorsal Motor Nucleus of X

Question 27

connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem. Most unconscious proprioceptive input enters the cerebellum through this bundle

Answer 27

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 28

Most unconscious proprioceptive input enters the cerebellum through this bundle (cuneocerebellar, dorsal spinocerbellar, rostral spinocerbellar, vestibulocerebellar, olivocerebellar, trigeminal cerebellar). Also contains cerebellar efferent axons to the vestibular nuclei.

Answer 28

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 29

Mixed (both ascending and descending) fiber tract that connects the vestibular nuclei with CN III, IV and VI along with head, neck and trunk muscles to regulate vestibulo-occular reflexes and coordination.

Answer 29

Medial Longitudnal Fasciculus:

Question 30

Space in ventral hindbrain containing CSF to cushion brain and provide nutrients. Contains choroid plexus.

Answer 30

IV Ventricle

Question 31

Major CNS center of norepinephrine production,

Answer 31

Locus Ceruleus

Question 32

Major CNS center of norepinephrine production, located in the pons, projecting all throughout the brain. Part of the ascending reticular activating system. Involved in arousal and alertness.

Answer 32

Locus Ceruleus

Question 33

connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem. Most cerebellar efferent’s exit the cerebellum through this tract.

Answer 33

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 34

The ventral spinocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum through this peduncle.

Answer 34

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 35

connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem. Cortical input to the cerebellum synapses on the ispilateral pontine nuclei and then decussates to enter the cerebellum via this peduncle (cortico-ponto-cerbellar).

Answer 35

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 36

Information through this peduncle pathway involves coordinating movements

Answer 36

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 37

Dorsal portion of the pons that contains reticular formation and cranial nerve nuclei (both sensory and motor). Comprises the floor of the IV Ventricle.

Answer 37

Pontine Tegmentum

Question 38

Ventral portion of the pons that contains cortico-ponto-cerebellar, corticospinal, and corticobulbar fibers as well as pontine nuclei.

Answer 38

Basis Pontis

Question 39

Part of the midbrain tectum (roof) that is involved in eye tracking and saccades.

Answer 39

Superior Colliculus

Question 40

Part of basal ganglia circuit involving substantia nigra pars reticulata. Receives afferent input from frontal eye fields and visual association cortices and sends motor output to oculmotor nuclei and to the head and neck via the tectospinal tract

Answer 40

Superior Colliculus

Question 41

Lower motor neuron nucleus of CN III. Innervates the medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, superior rectus, and levator palpebrae.

Answer 41

Oculomotor Nucleus

Question 42

Parasympathetic, preganglionic nucleus of CN III. Regulates pupillary light response through projections to the ciliary ganglion (post-ganglionic neurons innervate the sphincter pupillae). Also responsible for accommodation reflex.

Answer 42

Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal

Question 43

Major midbrain site containing two portions: a pars compacta (containing dopaminergic neurons that project to the striatum) and a pars reticulata (containing neurons involved in saccades and visual tracking).

Answer 43

Substantia Nigra

Question 44

Large midbrain nucleus receiving cerebellar info. Sends descending fibers down to the rostral spinal cord via the rubrospinal tract (an extrapyramidal tract), which may be important for upper-body flexor muscle control). Also has bi-directional communication with the reticular formation.

Answer 44

Red Nucleus

Question 45

Descending fibers of voluntary motor control from the cortex and projecting to spinal cord (corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts). At the level of the midbrain, cortical input is ispilateral.

Answer 45

Crus Cerebri

Question 46

Area surrounding the cerebral aqueduct that receives nociceptive info and projects to the serotonergic raphe nuclei as a part of a major pain-inhibiting pathway in the spinal cord.

Answer 46

Periaqueductal Grey