1. Intro to Neuro Flashcards
S: 21
3 fxn of the nervous system
- take in sensory info
- integrate info
- tell M and glands to respond
Sensory receptors tranduces NRG into ____ signals
electrochemical signals
Sensory input enters through the _____ nervous system. It acts as a go btw from the outside to the CNS
peripheral nervous system
_____ acts as the bridge btw the sensory neuron and motor neuron
assoc. neuron
What are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system
somatic (skeletal M)
Autonomic (smooth M/ visceral M)
Myelin wraps around ____ neurons
somatic motor neurons
_____ motor neurons is voluntary activity.
somatic motor neurons
Fxn of ACh and NE
- contraction of S.M or cardiac M
2. stim or inhibits glandular secretion
Name the two parts of the ANS
SP
PS
7 fxn of the PS ANS throughout the body
- constricts eye
- stim flow of siliva
- slows heart beat
- Constrict bronchi
- Stim peristalsis and secretion
- Stim release of bile
- Contracts bladder
8 fxn of the SP ANS throughout the body
- dialates eyes
- inhibits flow of saliva
- accelerates HR
- Dilates bronchi
- Inhibits peristalsis and secretion
- converts glycogen to glucose
- secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline
- inhibits bladder constriction
_____: help to communicate with other cells. Increase surface area and lead to the soma
dendrite
____: the nucleus of a neuron is housed here
soma
_____: Where transcription, replication, and DNA repair occurs in neurons
Nucleus (Perikaryon)
_____: the fatty covering of an axon
myelin sheath
____ is myelin in the PNS
schwann cells
- attach to a small portion of the axon
- a bunch of schwann cells make up a myelin sheath
one _____ cell can myelinate many axons in the CNS
oligodendrocyte
- in CNS
Bipolar neurons have : _____ & ___
1 major dendrite
1 axon
Multipolar neurons have : ___ & ___
alot of dendrite branches
1 axon
Pseudounipolar neurons have :
one axon : splits to go to the periphery & SC
Dorsal root neurons are _____polar
pseudounipolar
- one axon that splits to go to the periphery and SC
____cyte have vascular processes that wrap around capillaries
astrocytes
____ are macrophages of the brain and SC
microglial cells
_____ are glia cells that delivery glucose, blood brain barrier, inflam response, ATP release and glutamate recycling
astrocytes ***
______: are glia cells thatmyelinate axons in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
____: are glia cells that are immune respondants, and phagocytos
microglia
_____: are glia cells that help to produce and move cerebrospinal fluid through the brain . They line ventricles
ependymal cells
the ______ of a synpase is where vescicles are contained
active zone
_____ is the space that contains extracellular fluid within a synpase
synaptic cleft
_______: contain the neurotransmitters within the synpase in the active zone
synpatic vesicle
______: is where neurotransmitters are released from in the synapse
presynapse
- postsynpase is where they bind
_____: is where neurotransmitters bind within the synapse
postsynapse
________: unmyelinated axons
gray matter (CNS)
_______: myelinated axons
white matter (CNS)
_____: cell bodies clustered together in the CNS
Nuclei
_____: axons clustered in the CNS
tracts
_____: cell bodies in the PNS
ganglion
_____: a collection of ganglia
plexus
_____: axons clustered in the PNS
nerves
2 characteristics of a nissl body
is a ribosome
unmyelinated
Neurons do not conti ____
divide
there is no mitosis after injury
____: cellular organism that has enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris
lysosomes
_____: contain ribosomes and are the site for protein synthesis
Nissl body
____& ___: are a major component of the neuronal cytoskeleton, and are believed to function primarily to provide structural support for the axon
neurofilaments and microtubules
act as a highway within the cell
Where are vessicles secreted from within the cell?
golgi complex
In neurons, ______ channels in the _____ mediate vesicle binding and release of neurotransmitter
voltage-gated Ca+2 channels
in the axon terminal
What mediates vesicle binding and release of neurotransmitters
votage gated Ca+2 channels in the axon terminal
vesicles are tied to the active zones by _____
docking proteins
actin and synaptophysin
What are the docking proteins that vesicles are tied to the active zone by ?
actin and synaptophysin
_____ helps to withdraw vesicle components back from the synaptic cleft
clathrin
How do manufactured products of the neuron get from the cell body to the axon terminal
microtubules
Anterograded axonal transportation used the protein _____ to carry molec. from the nucleus to the periphery
kinesin
Retrograde axonal transpoation uses the protein ___ to carry the molec. from the periphery to the nucleus
dyensin
tie dye is retro
What type of cargo does kinesin carry through anterograde transport
synthesis of neurotransmitters and vesicles
what type of cargo does dyensin carry through retrograde axon tranportation
recycling of release material
growth factors
____ is a growth factor that helps nerves to growth and migrate through retrograde transport
Neurotrophins
Neurotrohins ae growth factors that help nerves to grow and migrate through ____ transport
retrograde transport
Neurons use ____ signals to communicate
chemical
in electrical synapses the cells are connected via _____
gap jxn
____ acts as a glue btw gap jxn
channel pores called “Connexins”
