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Neuroanatomy > Neuro Lab 2 > Flashcards

Neuro Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

CN 1 is known as

A

Olfactory

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2
Q

Olfactory is responsible for

A

sense of smell

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3
Q

CN 2 is known as and is responsible for

A

optic nerve

* sense of sight

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4
Q

CN 3 is known as and is responsible for

A

oculomotor

  • Motor: to 4 extra-ocular muscles
  • parasympathetic to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles
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5
Q

what four extra-ocular muscles are supplied by the CN III

A

superior, inferior, medial rectus, and the inferior oblique

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6
Q

CN IV is known as and is responsible for

A

trochlear is motor to superior oblique

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7
Q

V/trigeminal CN is responsible for

A

Sensory: to nasal and oral cavities

and Motor to the muscles of mastication

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8
Q

CN VI is known as the abducent nerve as does what?

A

motor to the lateral rectus muscle

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9
Q

VII/facial nerve is responsible for

A

Motor: muscles of facial expression
Parasympathetic: to lacrimal nasal, palatine, submandibular and sublingual glands

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10
Q

VIII/vestibulocochlear is responsible for?

A

balance and hearing, respectively

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11
Q

Fornix-

A

it is a major limbic system output tract of the hippocampus. It also is necessary for memory consolidation because damage to the fornix results in anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories)

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12
Q

Putamen-

A

it is part of the basal nuclei/basal ganglia. The putamen is involved in learning and motor control, speech articulation, reward via goal-directed behaviors, and addiction (the putamen enlarges with addictive behaviors, i.e. cocaine addiction).

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13
Q

which part of the basal nuclei is involved in speech articulation and gets larger with addiction?

A

putamen

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14
Q

Which part of the basal nuclei is responsible for reward via goal-directed behaviors

A

putamen

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15
Q

Corona radiata- characteristics-

A

Fan like white fibers (myelinated axons) radiating above the internal capsule connecting to the cerebral cortex (outer gray matter of the brain).

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16
Q

Edinger-Westphal- aka

A

accessory oculomotor nucleus

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17
Q

accessory oculomotor nucleus is located where?

A

midbrain

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18
Q

accessory oculomotor nucleus action?

A

parasympathetic pre-ganglionics to the ciliary ganglion for the pupillary light reflex (to constrict the pupil) and accommodation responses of the lens (constriction of the ciliary body to make the lens rounder to see near objects).

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19
Q

accommodation responses of the lens (constriction of the ciliary body to make the lens rounder to see near objects). is performed by which part of the brain stem?

A

Edinger-westphal/oculomotor nucleus

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20
Q

Mesencephalic of V is responsible for

A

senses proprioception from the muscles of mastication in the jaw. It also functions to prevent biting down hard enough to lose a tooth.

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21
Q

which part of the brainstem is responsible for the prevent biting down hard enough to lose a tooth.?

A

Mesanphalic V

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22
Q

Chief sensory of V-

A

it receives tactile discrimination and pressure sensations from the face.

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23
Q

Superior salivatory nucleus-

A

via CN 7 supplies the submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands.

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24
Q

which Nucleus supplies the Lacrimal glands and palatine glands via CN VII?

A

Superior salvatory nucleus

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25
Q

which nucleus supplies the parotid gland and which CN does it hitch a ride on?

A

Inferior salivatory nucleus- via CN 9

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26
Q

Mammillary bodies have connection with which structures?

A

thalamus and hippocampus both have connections with the mammillary bodies.

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27
Q

mammillary bodies are necessary for

A

recollective memory formation (significant B-1/thiamine deficiency due to alcoholism results in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome which damages the mamillary bodies and the patient develops anterograde amnesia).

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28
Q

significant B-1/thiamine deficiency due to alcoholism results in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome which damages the mamillary bodies will manifest in the patient as?

A

the patient develops anterograde amnesia)

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29
Q

what is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

due to significant B-1/thiamine deficiency due to alcoholism and causes anterograde amnesia)

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30
Q

The corpus striatum is composed

A

caudate nucleus and lentiform nuclei, which are subcomponents of the basal ganglia.

31
Q

The cerebral cortex sends sensory information on body position to the _____ _______.

A

caudate nucleus.

32
Q

The basal ganglia facilitates desired motions while inhibiting what?

A

unwanted aberrant motions.

33
Q

what part of the basal ganglia is involved in goal-directed behaviors (choosing to engage in actions that result in more desirable outcomes for you by using information from past experiences to influence future decisions).

A

caudate nucleus

34
Q

Cerebral peduncle contain what kind of fibers

A

ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts.

35
Q

Lateral geniculate body

A

LGB is part of the visual pathway leading to the occipital lobe.

36
Q

what is responsible for connecting the LBG with the primary visual cortex

A

optic radiations

37
Q

Medial geniculate body (MGB)- this is part of which pathway and this leads to which lobe of the brain?

A

the auditory pathway, ultimately leading to the temporal lobe.

38
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle-

A

passageways for axons between the cerebellum and midbrain.

39
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle-

A

passageway for axons between the cerebellum and the pons.

40
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle-

A

passageway for axons between the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.

41
Q

Cerebellum functions:

A

Maintaining balance: The cerebellum detects shifts in balance. It sends signals to the CNS to help the body adjust and move.

Coordinating movement: Body movements require the coordination of many muscles and the cerebellum helps with that by timing muscle actions to make movements smooth.

Vision: It helps to coordinate eye movements.

Motor learning: It helps the body to learn movements that require practice and fine-tuning. For example, learning how to hit a topspin tennis serve.

42
Q

which part of the brain is responsible for detecting shifts in balance. It sends signals to the CNS to help the body adjust and move.

A

Cerebellum

43
Q

which part of the brain helps with that by timing muscle actions to make movements smooth.

A

cerebellum

44
Q

does the cerebellum help with Vision: It helps to coordinate eye movements.

T/F ?

A

True

45
Q

which part of the brain is responsible for learning movements that require practice and fine-tuning. For example, learning how to hit a topspin tennis serve.

A

cerebellum

46
Q

Anterior lobe of cerebellum-

A

is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception.

47
Q

Posterior cerebellum lobe-

A

plays an important role in fine motor coordination, specifically in the inhibition of involuntary movement via inhibitory neurotransmitters, especially GABA.

48
Q

which part of the brain releases GABA

A

Posterior cerebellum lobe-

49
Q

Flocculonodular lobe- has important connections to what and this helps in?

A

the vestibular nuclei and uses information about head movement to influence eye movement. It receives vestibular input

50
Q

this portion of the cerebellum uses information about head movement to influence eye movement. It receives vestibular input?

A

Flocculonodular lobe

51
Q

Arbor vitae-

A

The cerebellum white matter has a branched appearance like a tree.

52
Q

Lingula-

A

a rostral portion of the vermis. The function is not entirely clear.

53
Q

Tonsil-

A

the most caudal portion of the cerebellar hemispheres. The function is not entirely clear.

54
Q
  • the most caudal portion of the cerebellar hemispheres.
A

tonsil

55
Q

most medal portion of cerebellum

A

vermis

56
Q

Vermis-

is responsible for?

A

most medal portion of cerebellum. It is associated with regulation of balance and posture. It receives vestibular input and spinal cord input on actual motion (which is later compared to intended motion from the cerebral cortex). The major nucleus in the vermis is the fastigial nucleu

57
Q

which part of the cerebellum is responsible for regulation of balance and posture?

A

vermis

58
Q

what is the major nucleus of the vermis

A

fastigial nucleus

59
Q

. Fastigial nucleus

A

it receives input from the vestibular nuclei and interprets body motion and modifies control of antigravity muscle groups

60
Q

Two Globose nuclei- .

A

efferents from here help impact limb motions

61
Q

Emboliform nucleus-

A

similarly efferents from here help impact limb motions.

62
Q

Dentate nucleus-

A

It is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements

63
Q

this nuclei of the cerebellar is responsible for planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements

A

dentate nucleus

64
Q

nuclei/nucleus that helps impact limb motion?

A

globose nuclei

and emboliform

65
Q

Paravermal region

A
  • involved in skilled volitional movements and in adapting the body to changing circumstances.
66
Q

pathway of received information for the paravermal region?

A

“actual” movement from spinal cord –> compared against “intended” movement at the cerebral cortex

67
Q

Major nuclei involved involved in the paravermal region

A

interposed nucleus (Emboliform and Globose nuclei)

68
Q

Lateral zone– Responsible for?

A

regulating entire motor activity.

69
Q

Lateral zone– major nucleus

A

dentate nucleus.

70
Q

Lateral zone lesions?

A

errors in the direction, force, speed, and amplitude of movements

71
Q

Lateral zone receives a lot of input for intended motion from where?

A

Cerebral cortex

72
Q

Primary fissure- separates the

A

anterior lobe from the posterior lobe.

73
Q

Horizontal fissure- separates the

A

superior from inferior parts of the posterior lobe of cerebellum.

Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

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