lab final Flashcards
Medial lemniscus is what kind of pathway and is responsible for what?
it is an conscious pathway that is responsible for proprioception and touch
corticospinal tract contains what kind of fibers?
descending motor neurons that control skeletal muscle to the limbs and the trunk
inferior olivary nucleus contains what kind of fibers?
climbing fibers
where do the climbing fibers of the inferior olivary nucleus project to?
they travel to the cerebellum
what is the inferior olivary responsible for?
it coordinates signals from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to regular motor coordination and learning
the spino-olivary tract transmits what?
joint proprioception to the inferior olivary nucleus
are the pyramids of the medulla located posteriorly or anteriorly?
anteriorly
substantia projects what fibers to which pathway?
dopaminergic fibers to the nigrostriatal pathway
what neurotransmitters is released at the synapses of substantia nigra?
dopamine
what is the most critical role of substantia nigra?
it inhibits unwanted movements which helps control muscle movements
what structure of midbrain does the dopamine released by the substantia nigra control?
the globus pallidus
cerebral peduncle - ______ bulge on the midbrain that holds mostly ______________.
- ventral
2. descending corticospinal fibers.
cerebral aqueduct- this passageway connects what two structures?
the 3rd ventricle and the 4th ventricle
superior colliculus is responsible for ?
unconscious head and eye movements to track motions
what tract does the superior colliculus give rise to?
the tectospinal tract
superior colliculus brings point of light in line with what eye structure?
the fovea
the superior colliculus descends and travels through what to synapse where?
travels through the contralateral anterior funiculus to the cervical spinal cord, where via synapses with motor neurons it stimulates reflexive neck movements based on some visual stimuli (and possibly other stimuli).
superior colliculus recieves information from what structures?
the spinotectal and the inferior colliculus
periaquaductal gray is a structure that secretes what?
endorphins and enkephalins to decrease pain
red nucleus activates what while inhibiting what?
activates flexors while inhibiting the extensors
Choroid plexus-
it is composed of ependymal cells and makes cerebrospinal fluid. CSF removes metabolic waste and helps circulate nutrients and sometimes medications through the brain.
thalamus main function is to?
relay for sensory pathways
which three structures relay information at the thalamus
the VPL, LGB and the MGB
what would happen if the thalamus was damaged?
permanent coma
what kind of fibers are located in the internal capsule>
ascending and descending fibers
what fibers are located in the anterior limb of the internal capsule?
frontopontine fibers (they connect the frontal lobe to the pons).
what kind of fibers does the posterior limb of the internal capsule contain
The posterior limb has descending corticospinal tract fibers and sensory fibers from the medial lemniscus.
internal capsule is located near
the putamen and the globus pallidus
the putamen is apart of what brain structure
the basal ganglia
the putamen connects what structures
the the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, thalamus, and claustrum.
the job of the putamen?
This structure is involved in motor planning, execution of motor movements (controlling amplitudes of movements and movement sequences), and reinforcement learning (learning to maximize an outcome you desire).
claustum connects what to the thalamus>
prefrontal cortex
the claustrum is most active when what?
sustained directed attention.
Mamillary body- it is involved in ?
spatial memory and recollective memory
cingulate gyrus regulates what?
aggressive behavior, materanl bonding, emotional response to pain, vocalizing emotions, , endocrine and ANS control
fornix is needed for what>
memory consolidation
Caudate nucleus is responsible for what
motor processes, goal directed bahavior
what structure of the corpus striatum is responsible for body and limb posture, accuracy of directed motions… and facilitating desired motions while suppressing undesired motions?
the caudate nucleus
what portion of the corous striatum is responsible for choosing to engage in actions that result in more desirable outcomes for you by using information from past experiences to influence future decisions
caudate nucleus
Insular lobe is responsible for what?
taste, expierencing emotions, addictive behavior, empathy
globus pallidus is responsible for what?
regulation of voluntary body body movements
what is the main nucleus of the basal ganglia?
the globus palidus
what is secreted by the globus pallidus and why?
gaba > to inhibit unwatned movements
what portion of the brain is targeted early in alzhiemers?
hippocampus
what is the hippocampus responsible for>
- it is part of the limbic system and helps consolidate memory formation. It is active for spatial memory to give you a sense of north-south-east-west
amygdala responsibel for waht?
fear and emotional responses
lentiform nucleus is composed of?
putamen and the globus pallidus
principle seat of the soul?
~ descartes
pineal gland
inferior colliculus is responsible for what?
midbrain structure involved in reflexive auditory neck movements. You turn your neck in the direction of a loud sudden sound.
superior colliculus is responsible for?
midbrain structure involved in reflexive eye and neck movements. For example, it is heavily active in tracking a baseball flying towards you.
corpus callosum is composed of what fibers?
commissural fibers
what portion of the brain is helps make us more coordinated left to right as you age
the corpus callosum
splenium - the ______part of the corpus callosum near the cerebellum
posterior
what portion of the corpus callosum is responsible for transmitting somatosensory information primarily between the parietal lobes.
splenium part
what is the portions that is located between the splenium and body of the corpus callosum?
the isthmus
