lab final

Question 1

Medial lemniscus is what kind of pathway and is responsible for what?

Answer 1

it is an conscious pathway that is responsible for proprioception and touch

Question 2

corticospinal tract contains what kind of fibers?

Answer 2

descending motor neurons that control skeletal muscle to the limbs and the trunk

Question 3

inferior olivary nucleus contains what kind of fibers?

Answer 3

climbing fibers

Question 4

where do the climbing fibers of the inferior olivary nucleus project to?

Answer 4

they travel to the cerebellum

Question 5

what is the inferior olivary responsible for?

Answer 5

it coordinates signals from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to regular motor coordination and learning

Question 6

the spino-olivary tract transmits what?

Answer 6

joint proprioception to the inferior olivary nucleus

Question 7

are the pyramids of the medulla located posteriorly or anteriorly?

Answer 7

anteriorly

Question 8

substantia projects what fibers to which pathway?

Answer 8

dopaminergic fibers to the nigrostriatal pathway

Question 9

what neurotransmitters is released at the synapses of substantia nigra?

Answer 9

dopamine

Question 10

what is the most critical role of substantia nigra?

Answer 10

it inhibits unwanted movements which helps control muscle movements

Question 11

what structure of midbrain does the dopamine released by the substantia nigra control?

Answer 11

the globus pallidus

Question 12

cerebral peduncle - ______ bulge on the midbrain that holds mostly ______________.

Answer 12

1. ventral

2. descending corticospinal fibers.

Question 13

cerebral aqueduct- this passageway connects what two structures?

Answer 13

the 3rd ventricle and the 4th ventricle

Question 14

superior colliculus is responsible for ?

Answer 14

unconscious head and eye movements to track motions

Question 15

what tract does the superior colliculus give rise to?

Answer 15

the tectospinal tract

Question 16

superior colliculus brings point of light in line with what eye structure?

Answer 16

the fovea

Question 17

the superior colliculus descends and travels through what to synapse where?

Answer 17

travels through the contralateral anterior funiculus to the cervical spinal cord, where via synapses with motor neurons it stimulates reflexive neck movements based on some visual stimuli (and possibly other stimuli).

Question 18

superior colliculus recieves information from what structures?

Answer 18

the spinotectal and the inferior colliculus

Question 19

periaquaductal gray is a structure that secretes what?

Answer 19

endorphins and enkephalins to decrease pain

Question 20

red nucleus activates what while inhibiting what?

Answer 20

activates flexors while inhibiting the extensors

Question 21

Choroid plexus-

Answer 21

it is composed of ependymal cells and makes cerebrospinal fluid. CSF removes metabolic waste and helps circulate nutrients and sometimes medications through the brain.

Question 22

thalamus main function is to?

Answer 22

relay for sensory pathways

Question 23

which three structures relay information at the thalamus

Answer 23

the VPL, LGB and the MGB

Question 24

what would happen if the thalamus was damaged?

Answer 24

permanent coma

Question 25

what kind of fibers are located in the internal capsule>

Answer 25

ascending and descending fibers

Question 26

what fibers are located in the anterior limb of the internal capsule?

Answer 26

frontopontine fibers (they connect the frontal lobe to the pons).

Question 27

what kind of fibers does the posterior limb of the internal capsule contain

Answer 27

The posterior limb has descending corticospinal tract fibers and sensory fibers from the medial lemniscus.

Question 28

internal capsule is located near

Answer 28

the putamen and the globus pallidus

Question 29

the putamen is apart of what brain structure

Answer 29

the basal ganglia

Question 30

the putamen connects what structures

Answer 30

the the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, thalamus, and claustrum.

Question 31

the job of the putamen?

Answer 31

This structure is involved in motor planning, execution of motor movements (controlling amplitudes of movements and movement sequences), and reinforcement learning (learning to maximize an outcome you desire).

Question 32

claustum connects what to the thalamus>

Answer 32

prefrontal cortex

Question 33

the claustrum is most active when what?

Answer 33

sustained directed attention.

Question 34

Mamillary body- it is involved in ?

Answer 34

spatial memory and recollective memory

Question 35

cingulate gyrus regulates what?

Answer 35

aggressive behavior, materanl bonding, emotional response to pain, vocalizing emotions, , endocrine and ANS control

Question 36

fornix is needed for what>

Answer 36

memory consolidation

Question 37

Caudate nucleus is responsible for what

Answer 37

motor processes, goal directed bahavior

Question 38

what structure of the corpus striatum is responsible for body and limb posture, accuracy of directed motions… and facilitating desired motions while suppressing undesired motions?

Answer 38

the caudate nucleus

Question 39

what portion of the corous striatum is responsible for choosing to engage in actions that result in more desirable outcomes for you by using information from past experiences to influence future decisions

Answer 39

caudate nucleus

Question 40

Insular lobe is responsible for what?

Answer 40

taste, expierencing emotions, addictive behavior, empathy

Question 41

globus pallidus is responsible for what?

Answer 41

regulation of voluntary body body movements

Question 42

what is the main nucleus of the basal ganglia?

Answer 42

the globus palidus

Question 43

what is secreted by the globus pallidus and why?

Answer 43

gaba > to inhibit unwatned movements

Question 44

what portion of the brain is targeted early in alzhiemers?

Answer 44

hippocampus

Question 45

what is the hippocampus responsible for>

Answer 45

- it is part of the limbic system and helps consolidate memory formation. It is active for spatial memory to give you a sense of north-south-east-west

Question 46

amygdala responsibel for waht?

Answer 46

fear and emotional responses

Question 47

lentiform nucleus is composed of?

Answer 47

putamen and the globus pallidus

Question 48

principle seat of the soul? | ~ descartes

Answer 48

pineal gland

Question 49

inferior colliculus is responsible for what?

Answer 49

midbrain structure involved in reflexive auditory neck movements. You turn your neck in the direction of a loud sudden sound.

Question 50

superior colliculus is responsible for?

Answer 50

midbrain structure involved in reflexive eye and neck movements. For example, it is heavily active in tracking a baseball flying towards you.

Question 51

corpus callosum is composed of what fibers?

Answer 51

commissural fibers

Question 52

what portion of the brain is helps make us more coordinated left to right as you age

Answer 52

the corpus callosum

Question 53

splenium - the ______part of the corpus callosum near the cerebellum

Answer 53

posterior

Question 54

what portion of the corpus callosum is responsible for transmitting somatosensory information primarily between the parietal lobes.

Answer 54

splenium part

Question 55

what is the portions that is located between the splenium and body of the corpus callosum?

Answer 55

the isthmus