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cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What ventricle does the cerebellum lie posterior/ dorsal to?

A

4th

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2
Q

How will a lesion in the lateral zone of the cerebellar hemispheres present?
s

A

errors in direction, force, speed and amplitude of movements

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3
Q

What does DCN stand for?

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

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4
Q

Where are the deep cerebellar nuclei located?

e

A

white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere

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5
Q

What does each folium of the cerebellar cortex contain?

A

core of white matter covered superficially by gray matter

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6
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A

posterior cranial fossa

below cerebrum and tentorium cerebelli

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7
Q

What brain lobe is above the cerebellum?

A

occipital lobe

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8
Q

How does the cerebellum function in vision?

A

coordinate eye movements

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9
Q

How does the cerebellum function in maintaining balance?

A

cerebellum detects shifts in balance

sends signals to the CNS to help the body adjust and move (vestibular nuclei)

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10
Q

How does the cerebellum function in coordinating movement?

A

through timing muscle actions to make movements smooth (Dr. Ward ballroom dancing)

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11
Q

How does the cerebellum function in motor learning?

A

helps body to learn movements that require practice and fine tuning (How we are learning in adjusting, shooting free throws, etc.)

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12
Q

What tissue makes up the tentorium cerebelii?

A

tough fibrous dense connective tissue mixed with dura

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13
Q

What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum?

A

active for eye tracking motions

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14
Q

What are the most inferior parts of the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

tonsils

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15
Q

What is the most inferior part of the vermis of the cerebellum?

A

uvula

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16
Q

What is the most medial portion of the cerebellum?

A

vermis

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17
Q

What part of the cerebellum is associated with the fastigial nucleus?

A

vermis

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18
Q

What part of the cerebellum is most concerned with regulation of muscle tone for posture and locomotion?

A

vermis

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19
Q

What is the part of the vermis dorsal to the superior medullary velum called?

A

lingula

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20
Q

What is the part of the vermis that is dorsal to the inferior medullary velum?

A

nodule

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21
Q

What receives projections from pontine nuclei that have been implicated in visual motion?

A

cerebellar uvula

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22
Q

What parts of the cerebellum are responsible for the smooth pursuit of eyes tracking a moving object?

A

uvula

flocculonodular lobe

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23
Q

How many lobes are present in the cerebellum?

A

3

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24
Q

What lobe of the cerebellum is the largest part?

A

Posterior (middle) lobe

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25
What lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for mediating unconscious proprioceptions? (map)
anterior lobe
26
What is the anterior lobe of the cerebellum responsible for?
mediating unconscious proprioception (map)
27
What lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for fine motor coordination, specifically inhibition of involuntary movement via inhibitor neurotransmitters (GABA)?
posterior lobe
28
What is the function of the posterior lobe?
for fine motor coordination, specifically the inhibition of involuntary movement
29
What lobe of the cerebellum has important connections to the vestibular nuclei and uses information about head movement to influence eye movement?
flocculonodular lobe
30
What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe?
- connection with vestibular nuclei | - uses info about head movement influencing eye movement
31
What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?
anterior, posterior, flocculonodular
32
What fissure of the cerebellum separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe?
primary fissure
33
What fissure of the cerebellum separates the superior from the inferior surfaces?
horizontal (posterolateral) fissure
34
What is another name for the horizontal fissure of the cerebellum?
posterolateral
35
What does phylogenetic mean?
based on evolutionary relationships
36
What are the 3 phylogenetic divisions of the cerebellum?
Archicerebellum (oldest) Paleocerebellum (old) Neocerebellum (new)
37
What phylogenic division is associated with the flocculonodular lobe?
Archicerebellum (bottom- eye trackin)
38
What phylogenic division is associated with the anterior lobe?
Paleocerebellum (vermis-posture, locomotion)
39
What phylogenic division is associated with the posterior lobe?
Neocerebellum (lateral regions)
40
What is the major nucleus in the vermal region of the cerebellum?
fastigial nucleus
41
What is the paravermal region of the cerebellum responsible for?
involved in skilled volitional movements and in adapting the body to changing circumstances (martial arts, gymnastic floor routines)
42
What major nuclei is associated with the paravermal region of the cerebellum?
interposed nuclei, this is made up of the emboliform and globose nuclei
43
What makes up the interposed nuclei of the cerebellum?
emboliform and globose nuclei
44
What major nucleus is associated with the lateral zone of the cerebellar hemispheres?
dentate nucleus
45
What is the lateral zone of the cerebellar hemispheres responsible for?
regulating entire motor activity
46
What zone of the cerebellar hemisphere is responsible for regulating entire motor activity?
lateral zone of the cerebellar hemispheres
47
What region of the cerebellar hemisphere is involved in skilled volitional movements and adapting body to changing circumstances?
paravermal region
48
What region of the cerebellar hemisphere is involved in regulation of balance and posture?
vermal region
49
What type of organization is present in the vermal region of the vermal region?
longitudinal region
50
What zone of the cerebellum coordinates eye movements and balance?
Flocculonodular zone
51
How is gray matter of the cerebellum arranged?
deeply folded into folia by many transverse fissures
52
What does folia mean?
leaves
53
Folia of the cerebellum are to ____ of the cerebrum.
gyri
54
The out cortex of the cerebellum is deeply folded. What is creating the folds and what are they called?
created by transverse fissures, called folia
55
What are groups of neurons inside white matter of the cerebellum called?
Deep Cerebellar Nuclei
56
What are the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei?
fastigial, interposed (2 Globlose,Emboliform) , dentate
57
Which cells myelinate axons in the CNS?
oligodendrocytes
58
What type of fibers are present in the white matter of the cerebellum?
myelinated; afferent and efferent fibers
59
The white matter and the folia of the cerebellar cortex have a branched appearance on the cut surface called?
arbor vitae
60
What is the order of the deep cerebellar nuclei, medial to lateral?
fastigial , 2 globose nuclei, emboliform nucleus, dentate nucleus
61
Which nucleus of the deep cerebellar nuclei is the largest and toothed?
dentate nucleus
62
Which deep cerebellar nuclei are oval?
fastigial nuclei | emboliform nuclei
63
Which deep cerebellar nuclei are round?
2 Globose nuclei
64
What is the order of the deep cerebellar nuclei, lateral to medial?
dentate nucleus, emboliform nucleus, globose nucleus, fastigial nucleus
65
In what deep cerebellar nucleus are efferent from here help impact limb motions?
``` globose nuclei, emboliform nucleus (modify) ```
66
What is the function of the globose nuclei and emboliform nucleus?
efferents from here help impact limb motions
67
Which deep cerebellar nucleus helps modify efferents to impact limb motions?
Emboliform nucleus
68
What deep cerebellar nucleus is responsible for the planning and initiation and control of voluntary movements?
dentate nucleus
69
Which deep cerebellar nucleus is active when falling?
fastigial nucleus
70
What deep cerebellar nucleus receives input from the vestibular nuclei and interprets body motion and modifies control of antigravity muscle groups?
fastigial nucleus
71
What type of neurons are present in the deep cerebellar nuclei?
multipolar neurons
72
How do the axons of the deep cerebellar nuclei leave the cerebellum?
superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles (output) Remember, Superior cerebellar peduncle, communicates with the midbrain. Inferior cerebellar peduncles communicate with the medulla.
73
How do deep cerebellar nuclei receive input?
Through the purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex.
74
What do the purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex do?
receive input from the axons of the deep cerebellar nuclei

Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

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