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Neuroanatomy > cerebellum > Flashcards

cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What ventricle does the cerebellum lie posterior/ dorsal to?

A

4th

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2
Q

How will a lesion in the lateral zone of the cerebellar hemispheres present?
s

A

errors in direction, force, speed and amplitude of movements

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3
Q

What does DCN stand for?

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

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4
Q

Where are the deep cerebellar nuclei located?

e

A

white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere

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5
Q

What does each folium of the cerebellar cortex contain?

A

core of white matter covered superficially by gray matter

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6
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A

posterior cranial fossa

below cerebrum and tentorium cerebelli

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7
Q

What brain lobe is above the cerebellum?

A

occipital lobe

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8
Q

How does the cerebellum function in vision?

A

coordinate eye movements

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9
Q

How does the cerebellum function in maintaining balance?

A

cerebellum detects shifts in balance

sends signals to the CNS to help the body adjust and move (vestibular nuclei)

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10
Q

How does the cerebellum function in coordinating movement?

A

through timing muscle actions to make movements smooth (Dr. Ward ballroom dancing)

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11
Q

How does the cerebellum function in motor learning?

A

helps body to learn movements that require practice and fine tuning (How we are learning in adjusting, shooting free throws, etc.)

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12
Q

What tissue makes up the tentorium cerebelii?

A

tough fibrous dense connective tissue mixed with dura

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13
Q

What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum?

A

active for eye tracking motions

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14
Q

What are the most inferior parts of the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

tonsils

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15
Q

What is the most inferior part of the vermis of the cerebellum?

A

uvula

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16
Q

What is the most medial portion of the cerebellum?

A

vermis

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17
Q

What part of the cerebellum is associated with the fastigial nucleus?

A

vermis

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18
Q

What part of the cerebellum is most concerned with regulation of muscle tone for posture and locomotion?

A

vermis

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19
Q

What is the part of the vermis dorsal to the superior medullary velum called?

A

lingula

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20
Q

What is the part of the vermis that is dorsal to the inferior medullary velum?

A

nodule

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21
Q

What receives projections from pontine nuclei that have been implicated in visual motion?

A

cerebellar uvula

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22
Q

What parts of the cerebellum are responsible for the smooth pursuit of eyes tracking a moving object?

A

uvula

flocculonodular lobe

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23
Q

How many lobes are present in the cerebellum?

A

3

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24
Q

What lobe of the cerebellum is the largest part?

A

Posterior (middle) lobe

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25
Q

What lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for mediating unconscious proprioceptions? (map)

A

anterior lobe

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26
Q

What is the anterior lobe of the cerebellum responsible for?

A

mediating unconscious proprioception (map)

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27
Q

What lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for fine motor coordination, specifically inhibition of involuntary movement via inhibitor neurotransmitters (GABA)?

A

posterior lobe

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28
Q

What is the function of the posterior lobe?

A

for fine motor coordination, specifically the inhibition of involuntary movement

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29
Q

What lobe of the cerebellum has important connections to the vestibular nuclei and uses information about head movement to influence eye movement?

A

flocculonodular lobe

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30
Q

What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe?

A
  • connection with vestibular nuclei

- uses info about head movement influencing eye movement

31
Q

What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?

A

anterior, posterior, flocculonodular

32
Q

What fissure of the cerebellum separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe?

A

primary fissure

33
Q

What fissure of the cerebellum separates the superior from the inferior surfaces?

A

horizontal (posterolateral) fissure

34
Q

What is another name for the horizontal fissure of the cerebellum?

A

posterolateral

35
Q

What does phylogenetic mean?

A

based on evolutionary relationships

36
Q

What are the 3 phylogenetic divisions of the cerebellum?

A

Archicerebellum (oldest)

Paleocerebellum (old)

Neocerebellum (new)

37
Q

What phylogenic division is associated with the flocculonodular lobe?

A

Archicerebellum (bottom- eye trackin)

38
Q

What phylogenic division is associated with the anterior lobe?

A

Paleocerebellum (vermis-posture, locomotion)

39
Q

What phylogenic division is associated with the posterior lobe?

A

Neocerebellum (lateral regions)

40
Q

What is the major nucleus in the vermal region of the cerebellum?

A

fastigial nucleus

41
Q

What is the paravermal region of the cerebellum responsible for?

A

involved in skilled volitional movements and in adapting the body to changing circumstances (martial arts, gymnastic floor routines)

42
Q

What major nuclei is associated with the paravermal region of the cerebellum?

A

interposed nuclei, this is made up of the emboliform and globose nuclei

43
Q

What makes up the interposed nuclei of the cerebellum?

A

emboliform and globose nuclei

44
Q

What major nucleus is associated with the lateral zone of the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

dentate nucleus

45
Q

What is the lateral zone of the cerebellar hemispheres responsible for?

A

regulating entire motor activity

46
Q

What zone of the cerebellar hemisphere is responsible for regulating entire motor activity?

A

lateral zone of the cerebellar hemispheres

47
Q

What region of the cerebellar hemisphere is involved in skilled volitional movements and adapting body to changing circumstances?

A

paravermal region

48
Q

What region of the cerebellar hemisphere is involved in regulation of balance and posture?

A

vermal region

49
Q

What type of organization is present in the vermal region of the vermal region?

A

longitudinal region

50
Q

What zone of the cerebellum coordinates eye movements and balance?

A

Flocculonodular zone

51
Q

How is gray matter of the cerebellum arranged?

A

deeply folded into folia by many transverse fissures

52
Q

What does folia mean?

A

leaves

53
Q

Folia of the cerebellum are to ____ of the cerebrum.

A

gyri

54
Q

The out cortex of the cerebellum is deeply folded. What is creating the folds and what are they called?

A

created by transverse fissures, called folia

55
Q

What are groups of neurons inside white matter of the cerebellum called?

A

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

56
Q

What are the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei?

A

fastigial, interposed (2 Globlose,Emboliform) , dentate

57
Q

Which cells myelinate axons in the CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes

58
Q

What type of fibers are present in the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

myelinated; afferent and efferent fibers

59
Q

The white matter and the folia of the cerebellar cortex have a branched appearance on the cut surface called?

A

arbor vitae

60
Q

What is the order of the deep cerebellar nuclei, medial to lateral?

A

fastigial ,
2 globose nuclei,
emboliform nucleus,
dentate nucleus

61
Q

Which nucleus of the deep cerebellar nuclei is the largest and toothed?

A

dentate nucleus

62
Q

Which deep cerebellar nuclei are oval?

A

fastigial nuclei

emboliform nuclei

63
Q

Which deep cerebellar nuclei are round?

A

2 Globose nuclei

64
Q

What is the order of the deep cerebellar nuclei, lateral to medial?

A

dentate nucleus,
emboliform nucleus,
globose nucleus,
fastigial nucleus

65
Q

In what deep cerebellar nucleus are efferent from here help impact limb motions?

A 
globose nuclei,
emboliform nucleus (modify)
66
Q

What is the function of the globose nuclei and emboliform nucleus?

A

efferents from here help impact limb motions

67
Q

Which deep cerebellar nucleus helps modify efferents to impact limb motions?

A

Emboliform nucleus

68
Q

What deep cerebellar nucleus is responsible for the planning and initiation and control of voluntary movements?

A

dentate nucleus

69
Q

Which deep cerebellar nucleus is active when falling?

A

fastigial nucleus

70
Q

What deep cerebellar nucleus receives input from the vestibular nuclei and interprets body motion and modifies control of antigravity muscle groups?

A

fastigial nucleus

71
Q

What type of neurons are present in the deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

multipolar neurons

72
Q

How do the axons of the deep cerebellar nuclei leave the cerebellum?

A

superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles (output)

Remember, Superior cerebellar peduncle, communicates with the midbrain. Inferior cerebellar peduncles communicate with the medulla.

73
Q

How do deep cerebellar nuclei receive input?

A

Through the purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex.

74
Q

What do the purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex do?

A

receive input from the axons of the deep cerebellar nuclei

Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

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