ANS Flashcards by Alex Robertson

Which system, parasympathetic or sympathetic, is dominant?

parasympathetic, in a healthy individual

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How many cranial nerves are in the peripheral nervous system?

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What is the peripheral nervous system divided into?

somatic

visceral

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What does the somatic nervous system control?

sensory and motor innervation of somatic structures

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what does the visceral nervous system control?

sensory and motor innervation of involuntary structures

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How many neurons are involved in somatic nervous system?

1 neuron

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How many neurons are involved in autonomic nervous system?

2 neurons

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What is the motor part of the visceral nervous system known as?

autonomic nervous system

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What do most visceral structures have regarding motor nerve supply?

2 neurons, one sympathetic, one parasympathetic

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What is the autonomic nervous system divided into?

parasympathetic

sympathetic

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Which system is “rest and digest” or the D system?

parasympathetic

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Which system is “fight or flight” or the E system?

sympathetic

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Where is the body of first neuron of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems?

CNS, axon is referred to as the preganglionic fiber

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Where is the body of second neuron of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems?

autonomic ganglia in the PNS, axon is referred to as a postganglionic fiber

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What type of ganglia are autonomic ganglia?

motor ganglia

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How many neurons of the ANS supply skeletal muscle?

one, somatic nerve

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What forms the motor nerve of the ANS that supply skeletal muscle?

one neuron

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Many cranial nerves include somatic fibers as well as what other fibers?

automatic fibers

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A motor unit consists of what?

somatic motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates

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Is the effect of the sympathetic stimulation specific or generalized?

generalized because of the adrenal medulla

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Is the activity of the parasympathetic stimulation local of general?

loacalized

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What does the sympathetic nervous

system supply?
arterioles
sweat glands (merocrine- increase sweat, apocrine- odor)
arrector pili muscles
skin

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What does the sympathetic system response deny/ shunt away from?

blood vessels

deep viscera

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What does the parasympathetic system supply?

deep viscera ONLY

NOT THE SKIN OR LIMBS

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Where do the sympathetic chain ganglia lie?

paravertebral

Where does the sympathetic chain ganglia fuse?

Coccyx

When the sympathetic chain ganglia fuse, and form a single ganglion called what?

ganglion impar

Where are the collateral ganglia?

prevertebral arise from abdominal aorta

What are some collateral ganglia?

celiac | superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia

Where are parasympathetic ganglia?

present on or in the walls of organs -> terminal ganglia

Is the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system more diverse?

sympathetic nervous system

Where do cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system lie?

lateral horns (interomediolateral column) of T1-L2

The preganglionic fibers leave the spinal cord through ___ of spinal nerves.

ventral roots

The preganglionic fibers leave the ventral roots as what?

white rami communicans

What does the white rami communicans join?

sympathetic chain

What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete?

acetylcholine | cholinergic

What do sympathetic postganglionic neurons secrete?

noradrenaline (adrenergic) EXCEPT. IN ECCRINE/ MEROCINR SWEAT GLANDS. THEY SECRETE ACETYLCHOLINE.

What do eccrine/ merocrine sweat glands secrete?

acetylcholine

What does the beta-1 NE and E receptor responsible for?

increase heart rate and force of contraction, | stimulate kidneys to release renin

What does the beta-2 NE and E receptor responsible for?

dilates blood vessels of limbs, dilate bronchioles, relax smooth muscle in walls of GI tract

What does the beta-3 NE and E receptor responsible for?

stimulates fat cell break down (lipolysis)

What does the alpha-1 NE and E receptor responsible for?

constricts blood vessels to GI tract structures and dilates the pupils

What does the alpha-2 NE and E receptor responsible for?

inhibit insulin release

What NE and E receptor is responsible for inhibition of insulin release?

alpha-2

What NE and E receptor is responsible for constriction blood vessels to GI tract structures and dilates the pupils?

Alpha 1

What NE and E receptor is responsible for lipoliysis?

beta 3

What NE and E receptor is responsible for dilation of blood vessels of limbs, dilate bronchioles, and relax smooth muscle in walls of GI tract?

Beta-2

What NE and E receptor is responsible for increase in heart rate and force of contraction and stimulate the kidneys to release renin?

beta-1

What cranial nerves are parasympathetic?

3, 7, 9, 10

Where are the preganglionic axons of CN III from?

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Where are the postganglionic axons from CN III from? | x

ciliary ganglia

How does CN III, act in the parasympathetic system?

helps in the process of focus on close objects You need to see your hamburger close to you.

What ganglia is associated with the lacrimal and nasal glands?

pterygopalatine ganglia (CN VII)

What ganglia is associated with submandibular and sublingual glands?

submandibular ganglia (CN VII)

What nuclei is associated with the submandibular ganglia?

superior salivatory nuclei (CN VII)

What nuclei is associated with CN IX? | i

inferior salivatory nuclei

What ganglia is associated with CN IX?

otic ganglia

Where does the otic ganglia send axons?

parotid gland to induce salivation

What does the dorsal motor nucleus give rise to?

preganglionic fibers of CN X

What nucleus is associated with CN X?

(parasympathetic) | dorsal motor nucleus

What ganglia is associated with CN X?

terminal ganglia (intramural ganglia)

Where do you find terminal ganglia?

various thoracoabdominal organs, heart, left colic flexure till the end of the transverse colon!! Remember the chart from Gross II.

What is responsible for dilating local blood vessels, in regards to erection?

nitric oxide

Is erection parasympathetic or sympathetic? | parasympathetic

POINT BEFORE YOU SHOOT

orthostatic hypotension

drop in the blood pressure when aperson stands

carotid sinus massage stimulates which CN's?

CN IX then travels to the vagus and slows the heart rate

vasometer of the medulla controls?

blood vessel lumen diameter

afferent pathway of the ANS passes in what direction over the thoracic and lumbar splanchinic nerves?

retrograde

does the parasympathetic nervous system use the rami communicans?

both the preganglionic and postganglionic of the parasympathetic system release what?

acetylcholine meaning they are cholinergic

micturition is what

bladder emptying

where does the CN X innervation of the Bowels end?

the left colic flexure ie. the end of the transverse colon