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Neuroanatomy > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Which system, parasympathetic or sympathetic, is dominant?

A

parasympathetic, in a healthy individual

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2
Q

How many cranial nerves are in the peripheral nervous system?

A

12

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3
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system divided into?

A

somatic

visceral

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4
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

sensory and motor innervation of somatic structures

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5
Q

what does the visceral nervous system control?

A

sensory and motor innervation of involuntary structures

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6
Q

How many neurons are involved in somatic nervous system?

A

1 neuron

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7
Q

How many neurons are involved in autonomic nervous system?

A

2 neurons

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8
Q

What is the motor part of the visceral nervous system known as?

A

autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

What do most visceral structures have regarding motor nerve supply?

A

2 neurons, one sympathetic, one parasympathetic

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10
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system divided into?

A

parasympathetic

sympathetic

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11
Q

Which system is “rest and digest” or the D system?

A

parasympathetic

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12
Q

Which system is “fight or flight” or the E system?

A

sympathetic

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13
Q

Where is the body of first neuron of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems?

A

CNS, axon is referred to as the preganglionic fiber

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14
Q

Where is the body of second neuron of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems?

A

autonomic ganglia in the PNS, axon is referred to as a postganglionic fiber

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15
Q

What type of ganglia are autonomic ganglia?

A

motor ganglia

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16
Q

How many neurons of the ANS supply skeletal muscle?

A

one, somatic nerve

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17
Q

What forms the motor nerve of the ANS that supply skeletal muscle?

A

one neuron

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18
Q

Many cranial nerves include somatic fibers as well as what other fibers?

A

automatic fibers

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19
Q

A motor unit consists of what?

A

somatic motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates

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20
Q

Is the effect of the sympathetic stimulation specific or generalized?

A

generalized because of the adrenal medulla

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21
Q

Is the activity of the parasympathetic stimulation local of general?

A

loacalized

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22
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous

A 
system supply?
arterioles
sweat glands (merocrine- increase sweat, apocrine- odor)
arrector pili muscles
skin
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23
Q

What does the sympathetic system response deny/ shunt away from?

A

blood vessels

deep viscera

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24
Q

What does the parasympathetic system supply?

A

deep viscera ONLY

NOT THE SKIN OR LIMBS

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25
Q

Where do the sympathetic chain ganglia lie?

A

paravertebral

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26
Q

Where does the sympathetic chain ganglia fuse?

A

Coccyx

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27
Q

When the sympathetic chain ganglia fuse, and form a single ganglion called what?

A

ganglion impar

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28
Q

Where are the collateral ganglia?

A

prevertebral

arise from abdominal aorta

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29
Q

What are some collateral ganglia?

A

celiac

superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia

30
Q

Where are parasympathetic ganglia?

A

present on or in the walls of organs -> terminal ganglia

31
Q

Is the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system more diverse?

A

sympathetic nervous system

32
Q

Where do cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system lie?

A

lateral horns (interomediolateral column) of T1-L2

33
Q

The preganglionic fibers leave the spinal cord through ___ of spinal nerves.

A

ventral roots

34
Q

The preganglionic fibers leave the ventral roots as what?

A

white rami communicans

35
Q

What does the white rami communicans join?

A

sympathetic chain

36
Q

What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete?

A

acetylcholine

cholinergic

37
Q

What do sympathetic postganglionic neurons secrete?

A

noradrenaline
(adrenergic)
EXCEPT. IN ECCRINE/ MEROCINR SWEAT GLANDS. THEY SECRETE ACETYLCHOLINE.

38
Q

What do eccrine/ merocrine sweat glands secrete?

A

acetylcholine

39
Q

What does the beta-1 NE and E receptor responsible for?

A

increase heart rate and force of contraction,

stimulate kidneys to release renin

40
Q

What does the beta-2 NE and E receptor responsible for?

A

dilates blood vessels of limbs,
dilate bronchioles,
relax smooth muscle in walls of GI tract

41
Q

What does the beta-3 NE and E receptor responsible for?

A

stimulates fat cell break down (lipolysis)

42
Q

What does the alpha-1 NE and E receptor responsible for?

A

constricts blood vessels to GI tract structures and dilates the pupils

43
Q

What does the alpha-2 NE and E receptor responsible for?

A

inhibit insulin release

44
Q

What NE and E receptor is responsible for inhibition of insulin release?

A

alpha-2

45
Q

What NE and E receptor is responsible for constriction blood vessels to GI tract structures and dilates the pupils?

A

Alpha 1

46
Q

What NE and E receptor is responsible for lipoliysis?

A

beta 3

47
Q

What NE and E receptor is responsible for dilation of blood vessels of limbs, dilate bronchioles, and relax smooth muscle in walls of GI tract?

A

Beta-2

48
Q

What NE and E receptor is responsible for increase in heart rate and force of contraction and stimulate the kidneys to release renin?

A

beta-1

49
Q

What cranial nerves are parasympathetic?

A

3, 7, 9, 10

50
Q

Where are the preganglionic axons of CN III from?

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

51
Q

Where are the postganglionic axons from CN III from?

x

A

ciliary ganglia

52
Q

How does CN III, act in the parasympathetic system?

A

helps in the process of focus on close objects

You need to see your hamburger close to you.

53
Q

What ganglia is associated with the lacrimal and nasal glands?

A

pterygopalatine ganglia (CN VII)

54
Q

What ganglia is associated with submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

submandibular ganglia (CN VII)

55
Q

What nuclei is associated with the submandibular ganglia?

A

superior salivatory nuclei (CN VII)

56
Q

What nuclei is associated with CN IX?

i

A

inferior salivatory nuclei

57
Q

What ganglia is associated with CN IX?

A

otic ganglia

58
Q

Where does the otic ganglia send axons?

A

parotid gland to induce salivation

59
Q

What does the dorsal motor nucleus give rise to?

A

preganglionic fibers of CN X

60
Q

What nucleus is associated with CN X?

A

(parasympathetic)

dorsal motor nucleus

61
Q

What ganglia is associated with CN X?

A

terminal ganglia (intramural ganglia)

62
Q

Where do you find terminal ganglia?

A

various thoracoabdominal organs,
heart,
left colic flexure till the end of the transverse colon!!
Remember the chart from Gross II.

63
Q

What is responsible for dilating local blood vessels, in regards to erection?

A

nitric oxide

64
Q

Is erection parasympathetic or sympathetic?

parasympathetic

A

POINT BEFORE YOU SHOOT

65
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

drop in the blood pressure when aperson stands

66
Q

carotid sinus massage stimulates which CN’s?

A

CN IX then travels to the vagus and slows the heart rate

67
Q

vasometer of the medulla controls?

A

blood vessel lumen diameter

68
Q

afferent pathway of the ANS passes in what direction over the thoracic and lumbar splanchinic nerves?

A

retrograde

69
Q

does the parasympathetic nervous system use the rami communicans?

A

no

70
Q

both the preganglionic and postganglionic of the parasympathetic system release what?

A

acetylcholine meaning they are cholinergic

71
Q

micturition is what

A

bladder emptying

72
Q

where does the CN X innervation of the Bowels end?

A

the left colic flexure ie. the end of the transverse colon

Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

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