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Physiology > Neuro: Hypothalamic / Vagal Nuclei Functions > Flashcards

Neuro: Hypothalamic / Vagal Nuclei Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Supraoptic and Paraventricular nuclei

A
  • Synthesizes ADH, Oxytocin, and CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone)
  • Neurophysins serve as carrier peptides for ADH and Oxytocin transport to the posterior pituitary for release
  • Regulates Water balance via ADH
  • Lesion –> Diabetes insipidus
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2
Q

Anterior nucleus

A
  • Temperature regulation (heat dissipation)
  • Lesion –> Hyperthermia (Stimulates Parasympathetic nervous system)
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3
Q

Preoptic nucleus

A
  • Releases Gonadotropic hormones
  • Sexual dimorphic nucleus
  • Lesion –> Arrested sexual development, Impotence, Amenorrhea (absence of menstration)
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4
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A
  • Regulates circadian rhythms (eg, cyclic release of CRH, Melatonin)
  • Input from Retina
  • Output to Pineal gland
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5
Q

Dorsomedial nucleus

A
  • Stimulation –> Obesity, Disinhibition
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6
Q

Posterior nucleus

A
  • Temperature regulation (heat conservation)
  • Lesion –> Poikilothermia (Poor thermoregulation) Stimulates sympathetic nervous system
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7
Q

Mamillary body

A
  • Damaged in Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis (Confabulation (distorted memories), Amnesia, and Ataxia)
  • Hippocampus –>
    • –> Fornix
    • –> Mamillary body
    • –> Anterior nucleus of Thalamus (Part of Papex circuit)
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8
Q

Ventromedial nucleus

A
  • Satiety center
  • Stimulation –> Decreased eating (Ventromedial nucleus causes you to shrink medially)
  • Lesion –> Obesity, Hyperphagia, “Savage” behavior
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9
Q

Arcuate nucleus

A
  • Produces Hypothalamic releasing and Inhibiting factors that act on the Anterior pituitary
  • Inhibits Prolactin release via Dopamine (Prolactin-inhibiting factor)
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10
Q

Lateral nucleus

A
  • Feeding center
  • Stimulation –> Increased eating (Lateral nucleus causes you to grow Laterally)
  • Lesion –> Starvation
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11
Q

What processes lead to Obesity?

A
  • Stimulation of the Lateral nucleus
  • Stimulation of the Dorsomedial nucleus
  • Lesion of the Ventromedial nucleus
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12
Q

What processes lead to Starvation?

A
  • Stimulation of the Ventromedial nucleus
  • Lesion of the Lateral nucleus
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13
Q
  • Nucleaus for Visceral Sensory Information
  • Taste, Baroreceptors, Gut distention
A

Nucleus Solitarius

CN VII

CN IX

CN X

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14
Q
  • Nucleus Motor innervation of Pharynx, Larynx, and Upper Esophagus
  • Swallowing and Palate elevation
A

Nucleus Ambiguus

CN IX

CN X

CN XI (cranial portion)

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15
Q
  • Nucleus sends Autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers to Heart, Lungs, and Upper GI
A

Dorsal Motor Nucleus

CN X

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Physiology (22 decks)

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