Neuro: Cranial Nerves Flashcards
1
Q
CN I
A
Olfactory
- Sensory
- Smell
- Passes through the Cribiform plate of Ethmoid bone
- Only CN without thalamic relay to cortex
2
Q
CN II
A
Optic
- Sensory
- Sight
3
Q
CN III
A
Oculomotor
- Motor
- Eye movement (SR, IR, MR, OR)
- Pupillary Constriction
- Sphincter pupillae: (Edinger-Westphal nucleus, Muscarinic receptors)
- Accomodation
- Eyelid opening (levator palpebrae)
4
Q
CN IV
A
Trochlear
- Motor
- Eye movement (SO)
5
Q
CN V
A
Trigeminal
- Both Sensory and Motor
- Mastication
- Facial sensation (Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular divisions), Somatosensation from Anterior 2/3 of tongue
6
Q
CN VI
A
Abducens
- Motor
- Eye movement (LR)
7
Q
CN VII
A
Facial
- Both Sensory and Motor
- Facial movement
- Taste from Anterior 2/3 of tongue
- Lacrimation
- Salivation (Submandibular and sublingual glands)
- Eyelid closing (orbicularis oculi)
- Stapedius muscle in Ear (courses through the parotid gland, but does not intervate it)
8
Q
CN VIII
A
Vestibulocochlear
- Sensory
- Hearing
- Balance
9
Q
CN IX
A
Glossopharyngeal
- Both Sensory and Motor
- Taste and Somatosensation from Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
- Swallowing
- Salvation (Parotid gland)
- Monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroreceptors
- Stylopharyngeus (Elevates pharynx, Larynx)
10
Q
CN X
A
Vagus
- Both Sensory and Motor
- Taste from epiglottic region
- Swallowing
- Soft palate elevation
- Midline uvula
- Talking
- Coughing
- Thoracoabdominal viscera
- Monitoring Aortic arch and chemo- and baroceptors
11
Q
CN XI
A
Accesory
- Motor
- Head turning
- Shoulder shrugging (SCM, Trapezius)
12
Q
CN XII
A
Hypoglossal
- Motor
- Tongue movement
13
Q
Cranial Nerves I thru XII Type:
Mnemonic
A
Some Say Marry Money
But My Brother Says
Big Brains Matter Most
14
Q
Cranial nerve nuclei: Midbrain
A
- CN III
- CN IV
15
Q
Cranial nerve nuclei: Pons
A
- CN V
- CN VI
- CN VII
- CN VIII
16
Q
Cranial nerve nuclei: Medulla
A
- CN IX
- CN X
- CN XII
17
Q
Cranial nerve nuclei: Spinal cord
A
- CN XI
18
Q
Corneal reflex
A
- Afferent
- CN V1 ophthalmic (nasociliary branch)
- Efferent
- CN VII (temporal branch: orbicularis oculi)
19
Q
Lacrimation reflex
A
- Afferent
- CN V1 (loss of reflex does not preclude emotional tears)
- Efferent
- CN VII
20
Q
Jaw jerk reflex
A
- Afferent
- CN V3 (sensory - muscle spindle from masseter)
- Efferent
- CN V3 (motor - masseter)
21
Q
Pupillary reflex
A
- Afferent
- CN II
- Efferent
- CN III
22
Q
Gag reflex
A
- Afferent
- CN IX
- Efferent
- CN X
23
Q
- Anosmia (loss of smell)
- Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (leakages of CSF through the nose)
A
- Fracture of Cribiform plate
- CN I lesion
24
Q
- Loss of Pupillary constriction
A
- Direct trauma to Orbit or Eyeball
- Fracture involving the Optic canal
- CN II lesion
25
Q
- Visual field defects
A
- Pressure on Optic pathway
- Laceration or Intracerebral clot in Temporal, Parietal, or Occipital Lobes of brain
- CN II Lesion
26
Q
- Increased CSF pressure
A
- Swelling of Optic disc (papilledema)
- CN II Lesion
27
Q
- Dilated pupil
- Ptosis
- Eye rotates Inferiorly and Laterally (‘Down and Out’)
- Pupillary reflex on the side of the lesion will be lost
A
- Pressure from Herniating Uncus on Nerve
- Fracture involving Cavernous sinus
- Aneurysms
- CN III Lesion
28
Q
- Inability to rotate adducted eye inferiorly
A
- Stretching of nerve during its course around Brainstem
- Fracture of Orbit
- CN IV Lesion
29
Q
- Loss of Pain and Touch sensations/ paresthesia on Face
- Loss of Corneal reflex (blinking when Cornea touched)
- Paralysis of muscles of mastication
- Deviation of Mandible to side of Lesion when mouth is opened
A
- Injury to Terminal branches (particularly CN V2) in roof of maxillary sinus
- Pathologic processes (Tumors, Aneurysms, Infections) affecting the Trigeminal nerve
- CN V Lesion
30
Q
- Inability to Rotate eye laterally
- Diploma on Lateral gaze
A
- Base of Brain or Fracture involving Cavernous sinus or Orbit
- CN VI Lesion
31
Q
- Paralysis of Facial muscles
- Eyes remains open
- Angle of mouth droops
- Forehead does not wrinkle
A
- Laceration or Contusion in Parotid region
- CN VII Lesion
32
Q
- Paralysis of Facial muscles, eye remains open, and the angle of the mouth droops
- PLUS associated involvement of Cochlear nerve and Chorde tympani
- Dry cornea and Loss of Taste on Anterior 2/3 of tongue
A
- Fracture of the Temporal bone
- CN VII Lesion
33
Q
- Weakness (paralysis) of lower facial muscles contralateral to the lesion
- Upper facial muscles are NOT affected because they are Bilaterally innervated
A
- Intracranial Hematoma (“stroke”)
- CN VII Lesion
34
Q
- Progressive unilateral Hearing loss
- Tinnitus (noises in ear)
- Vertigo (loss of balance)
A
- Tumor of nerve
- CN VIII Lesion
35
Q
- Loss of Taste on Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
- Loss of Sensation on affected side of soft palate
- Loss of Gag reflex on affected side
A
- Brain stem lesion
- Deep laceration of neck
- CN IX Lesion
36
Q
- Sagging of soft palate
- Deviation of Uvula to unaffected side
- Hoarness owing to Paralysis of Vocal fold
- Difficulty in Swallowing and Speaking
A
- Brainstem Lesion
- Deep Laceration of Neck
- CN X Lesion
37
Q
- Paralysis of Sternocleidomastoid and Superior fibers of Trapezius
- Drooping of shoulder
A
- Laceration of Neck
- CN IX Lesion
38
Q
- Protruded tongue deviates toward affected side
- Moderate Dysarthria (motor speech disorder)
- Distrubance of articulation
A
- Neck Laceration
- Basal skull fractures
- CN XII Lesion
