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Physiology > Neuro: Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Neuro: Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory

  • Sensory
  • Smell
  • Passes through the Cribiform plate of Ethmoid bone
  • Only CN without thalamic relay to cortex
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2
Q

CN II

A

Optic

  • Sensory
  • Sight
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3
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor

  • Motor
  • Eye movement (SR, IR, MR, OR)
  • Pupillary Constriction
    • Sphincter pupillae: (Edinger-Westphal nucleus, Muscarinic receptors)
  • ​Accomodation
  • Eyelid opening (levator palpebrae)
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4
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear

  • Motor
  • Eye movement (SO)
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5
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal

  • Both Sensory and Motor
  • Mastication
  • Facial sensation (Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular divisions), Somatosensation from Anterior 2/3 of tongue
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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens

  • Motor
  • Eye movement (LR)
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7
Q

CN VII

A

Facial

  • Both Sensory and Motor
  • Facial movement
  • Taste from Anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • Lacrimation
  • Salivation (Submandibular and sublingual glands)
  • Eyelid closing (orbicularis oculi)
  • Stapedius muscle in Ear (courses through the parotid gland, but does not intervate it)
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8
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

  • Sensory
  • Hearing
  • Balance
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9
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

  • Both Sensory and Motor
  • Taste and Somatosensation from Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
  • Swallowing
  • Salvation (Parotid gland)
  • Monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroreceptors
  • Stylopharyngeus (Elevates pharynx, Larynx)
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10
Q

CN X

A

Vagus

  • Both Sensory and Motor
  • Taste from epiglottic region
  • Swallowing
  • Soft palate elevation
  • Midline uvula
  • Talking
  • Coughing
  • Thoracoabdominal viscera
  • Monitoring Aortic arch and chemo- and baroceptors
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11
Q

CN XI

A

Accesory

  • Motor
  • Head turning
  • Shoulder shrugging (SCM, Trapezius)
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12
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

  • Motor
  • Tongue movement
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13
Q

Cranial Nerves I thru XII Type:

Mnemonic

A

Some Say Marry Money

But My Brother Says

Big Brains Matter Most

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14
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei: Midbrain

A
  • CN III
  • CN IV
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15
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei: Pons

A
  • CN V
  • CN VI
  • CN VII
  • CN VIII
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16
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei: Medulla

A
  • CN IX
  • CN X
  • CN XII
17
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei: Spinal cord

A
  • CN XI
18
Q

Corneal reflex

A
  • Afferent
    • CN V1 ophthalmic (nasociliary branch)
  • Efferent
    • CN VII (temporal branch: orbicularis oculi)
19
Q

Lacrimation reflex

A
  • Afferent
    • CN V1 (loss of reflex does not preclude emotional tears)
  • Efferent
    • CN VII
20
Q

Jaw jerk reflex

A
  • Afferent
    • CN V3 (sensory - muscle spindle from masseter)
  • Efferent
    • CN V3 (motor - masseter)
21
Q

Pupillary reflex

A
  • Afferent
    • CN II
  • Efferent
    • CN III
22
Q

Gag reflex

A
  • Afferent
    • CN IX
  • Efferent
    • CN X
23
Q
  • Anosmia (loss of smell)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (leakages of CSF through the nose)
A
  • Fracture of Cribiform plate
  • CN I lesion
24
Q
  • Loss of Pupillary constriction
A
  • Direct trauma to Orbit or Eyeball
  • Fracture involving the Optic canal
  • CN II lesion
25
Q
  • Visual field defects
A
  • Pressure on Optic pathway
  • Laceration or Intracerebral clot in Temporal, Parietal, or Occipital Lobes of brain
  • CN II Lesion
26
Q
  • Increased CSF pressure
A
  • Swelling of Optic disc (papilledema)
  • CN II Lesion
27
Q
  • Dilated pupil
  • Ptosis
  • Eye rotates Inferiorly and Laterally (‘Down and Out’)
  • Pupillary reflex on the side of the lesion will be lost
A
  • Pressure from Herniating Uncus on Nerve
  • Fracture involving Cavernous sinus
  • Aneurysms
  • CN III Lesion
28
Q
  • Inability to rotate adducted eye inferiorly
A
  • Stretching of nerve during its course around Brainstem
  • Fracture of Orbit
  • CN IV Lesion
29
Q
  • Loss of Pain and Touch sensations/ paresthesia on Face
  • Loss of Corneal reflex (blinking when Cornea touched)
  • Paralysis of muscles of mastication
  • Deviation of Mandible to side of Lesion when mouth is opened
A
  • Injury to Terminal branches (particularly CN V2) in roof of maxillary sinus
  • Pathologic processes (Tumors, Aneurysms, Infections) affecting the Trigeminal nerve
  • CN V Lesion
30
Q
  • Inability to Rotate eye laterally
  • Diploma on Lateral gaze
A
  • Base of Brain or Fracture involving Cavernous sinus or Orbit
  • CN VI Lesion
31
Q
  • Paralysis of Facial muscles
  • Eyes remains open
  • Angle of mouth droops
  • Forehead does not wrinkle
A
  • Laceration or Contusion in Parotid region
  • CN VII Lesion
32
Q
  • Paralysis of Facial muscles, eye remains open, and the angle of the mouth droops
  • PLUS associated involvement of Cochlear nerve and Chorde tympani
  • Dry cornea and Loss of Taste on Anterior 2/3 of tongue
A
  • Fracture of the Temporal bone
  • CN VII Lesion
33
Q
  • Weakness (paralysis) of lower facial muscles contralateral to the lesion
  • Upper facial muscles are NOT affected because they are Bilaterally innervated
A
  • Intracranial Hematoma (“stroke”)
  • CN VII Lesion
34
Q
  • Progressive unilateral Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus (noises in ear)
  • Vertigo (loss of balance)
A
  • Tumor of nerve
  • CN VIII Lesion
35
Q
  • Loss of Taste on Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
  • Loss of Sensation on affected side of soft palate
  • Loss of Gag reflex on affected side
A
  • Brain stem lesion
  • Deep laceration of neck
  • CN IX Lesion
36
Q
  • Sagging of soft palate
  • Deviation of Uvula to unaffected side
  • Hoarness owing to Paralysis of Vocal fold
  • Difficulty in Swallowing and Speaking
A
  • Brainstem Lesion
  • Deep Laceration of Neck
  • CN X Lesion
37
Q
  • Paralysis of Sternocleidomastoid and Superior fibers of Trapezius
  • Drooping of shoulder
A
  • Laceration of Neck
  • CN IX Lesion
38
Q
  • Protruded tongue deviates toward affected side
  • Moderate Dysarthria (motor speech disorder)
  • Distrubance of articulation
A
  • Neck Laceration
  • Basal skull fractures
  • CN XII Lesion

Physiology (22 decks)

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