ECG - Goldberger's Clinical Electrocardiography

Question 1

• PR segment deviation

Answer 1

Acute Pericarditis

Question 2

Adult: normal PR interval

Answer 2

0.12 to 0.20 sec

(three to five boxes)

Question 3

PR interval > 0.20 sec

Answer 3

First-degree heart block

(AV delay)

Question 4

Adult: normal QRS interval

Answer 4

0.10 sec

(2 to 3 blocks)

Question 5

Bazett Formula

Answer 5

QTc = QT / SQRT(RR)

Normal QTc is between 0.33 sec and 0.44 sec
(8.25 blocks and 11 blocks)

Question 6

Prominant U waves

Answer 6

• It represents the final phase of ventricular repolarization, although its exact mechanism is not known
• A characteristic of **Hypokalemia **(low potassium)
• Drugs
  
  • Sotalol
  • any Phenothiazines
• ​​After a cerebrovascular accident
• predispose patients to ventricular arrhythmias

Question 7

Positive T waves

Negative U waves

Answer 7

• Left ventricular hypertrophy
• Myocardial ischemia

Question 8

300 … …. etc.

Answer 8

300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50

• 300 - 250, 214, 187, 167
• 150 - <!--StartFragment-->136, 125, 115, 1
• <!--EndFragment-->100 - 94, 88, 83, 79
• 75 - <!--StartFragment-->71, 68, 65, 62

<!--EndFragment-->

• 60 - <!--StartFragment-->58, 56, 54, 52

<!--EndFragment-->

• 50 - <!--StartFragment-->48, 47, 45, 44

<!--EndFragment-->

Question 9

Loss of normal R wave progression in the chest leads (V1-V6)

Answer 9

Anterior wall infarction

Question 10

Very tall R waves in the left chest leads
Very deep S waves in the right chest leads

Answer 10

Left Ventricular Hypertophy

Question 11

Left axis deviation (LAD) = ?

Right axis deviation (RAD) = ?

Answer 11

LAD = -30° or more negative
(abnormal electrially horizontal,
left anterior fasicular block)

RAD = +100° or more positive
(abnormal electrically vertical
right ventricular hypertrophy)