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Board Exam > Neuro/Cardiac Section > Flashcards

Neuro/Cardiac Section Flashcards

1
Q

Midline structures affected with stroke

A

Medial lemniscus
Motor pathway (corticospinal)
Motor aspects of CN
Medial longitudinal fasciculus

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2
Q

Lateral structures affected with stroke

A

Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar
Sympathetic - Hoerner’s
Sensory sections of CN V

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3
Q

Signs and symptoms of uncal herniation

A

Dilation of pupil on side of hernitation (CN III paresis), hemiparesis, coma, homonymous hemianopsia

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4
Q

S/S of central hernitation

A

Decrebrate rigidity and coma

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5
Q

S/S of tonsilar herniation

A

Neck pain and stiffness, flaccidity, coma, alteration of vital signs

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6
Q

Branches of right coronary artery

A

Sinus node artery (right atrium)
Right marginal artery (right ventricle)
Posterior descending (inferior walls of ventricles)

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7
Q

Branches of left coronary artery

A 
Circumflex artery (left atrium and ventricle)
Left anterior descending (IV septum)
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8
Q

ABI normal

A

1.0-1.3

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9
Q

ABI mild

A

0.99-0.80 (beginning of PAD)

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10
Q

ABI moderate

A

0.40-0.79 (intermittent claudication)

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11
Q

ABI severe

A

<0.40 (claudication at rest)

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12
Q

Bronchophony

A

Increased vocal resonance with greater clarity and loudness of spoken word

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13
Q

Egophony

A

Spoken long “E” changes to nasal “A”

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14
Q

Whispered pectoriloquy

A

Recognition of whispered word

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15
Q

Infant HR

A

100-130

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16
Q

Child HR

A

80-100

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17
Q

Adult HR

A

60-100

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18
Q

Newborn RR

A

33-45

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19
Q

1 yr RR

A

25-35

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20
Q

10 yr RR

A

15-20

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21
Q

Adult RR

A

12-20

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22
Q

PR interval

A

Time for atrial depolarization and conduction from SA node to AV node
0.12-.20

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23
Q

QRS compex

A

Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

0.06-1.0

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24
Q

QT interval

A

Time for both ventricular depolarization and repolarization

0.20-0.40

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25
Q

Submax training RPE

A

Initial 12-13

Final 15-16

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26
Q

Mobitz I

A

General prolongation of PR interval until QRS is dropped

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27
Q

Mobitz II

A

Dropped QRS, PR interval remains unchanged

28
Q

Hypermagenesemia

A

Calcium channel blocker so can lead to arrhythmias or cardiac arrest

29
Q

Hypomagenesemia

A

Ventricular arrhythmias, coronary artery vasospasm, sudden death

30
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Decreases the rate and force of contraction, widened PR interval and QRS, tall T waves

31
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Flattened T waves, prolonged PR and QT intervals, produces a U wave

32
Q

Hypothermia effects on ECG

A

Elevates ST segment; slows rhythm

33
Q

Digitalis effects on ECG

A

Depresses ST segment, flattens T wave, QT shortens

34
Q

Quinidine effects on ECG

A

QT lengthens, T wave flattens, QRS lengthens

35
Q

Beta blockers

A

Decrease HR, blunts HR response to exercise

36
Q

Nitrates

A

Increase HR

37
Q

Normal BP

A

120-129/80-84

38
Q

High Normal BP

A

130-139/85-89

39
Q

Grade I HTN

A

140-159/90-99

40
Q

Grade II HTN

A

160-179/100-109

41
Q

Grade III HTN

A

> 180/>110

42
Q

Levine’s sign

A

Pt clenches fist over sternum

43
Q

Inferior MI

A

Right coronary artery (upper conduction system)

44
Q

Lateral MI

A

Circumflex artery

45
Q

Anterior MI

A

L anterior descending (lower conduction system)

46
Q

Tinetti high risk for falls

A

<18

47
Q

Berg high risk for falls

A

<20

48
Q

TUG high risk for falls

A

> 30

49
Q

Functional reach risk for falls

A

<10 in

50
Q

DGI prediction of falls

A

<19/24

51
Q

Berg moderate risk for falls

A

21-40

52
Q

Tinetti moderate risk for falls

A

19-24

53
Q

Normal adult TUG

A

<10

54
Q

Normal elderly TUG

A

11-20

55
Q

Mild TBI criteria

A

LOC <30 min, PTA <1 day, GCS 13-15

56
Q

Moderate TBI criteria

A

LOC >30 min <1 day, PTA >1 day, <7 days, GCS 9-12

57
Q

Severe TBI criteria

A

LOC >24 hrs, PTA > 7 days, GCS <9

58
Q

MOA Alpha adrenergic agents

A

Cause vasodilation of arterioles and veins to decrease BP

59
Q

MOA of ACE inhibitors

A

Suppress conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II to decrease BP and afterload

60
Q

MOA Sodium channel blockers

A

Control cardiac excitation and conduction

61
Q

MOA Beta blockers

A

Inhibit sympathetic activity which decreases HR and contractility

62
Q

MOA of statins

A

Inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis, break down LDLs, decrease triglycerides, and increase HDL levels

63
Q

MOA calcium channel blockers

A

Decrease entry of calcium into vascular smooth tissue resulting in diminished myocardial contraction, vasodilation, and decreased oxygen demand

64
Q

MOA nitrates

A

Decrease ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of peripheral vessels

65
Q

MOA positive inotropic agents

A

Increase the force and velocity of myocardial contraction, slow HR, decrease conduction velocity thru AV node, and decrease activation of SNS

Board Exam (24 decks)

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