Neuro B Flashcards
When you think about parasympathetic what should you think about
you just ate a large meal
- all digetive processes are happening
- sitting on a toliet, relaxing sphincters
- reading under a bright light
-lens thick so you can see up close
Superior cervical ganglia
Sympathetic activity to(eye ear nose throat)
- ciliary-eyes
- pterygopalatine-teas and nose
- submandibular-saliva
- otic-oral parotid
which ganglia parasympathetic activity from the brainstem go
(eye ear nose throat)
- ciliary-eyes
- pterygopalatine-teas and nose
- submandibular-saliva
- otic-oral parotid
All parasympathetic control to the chest comes through what nerve
vagus nerve from the brainstem
Sympathetic innervation goes directly to what three ganglia to do what?
- Celiac-splanch organs through 1/2 Li
- Superior mesenteric: 1/2 Li
- Inferior messinteric: through rectum and urogenital organs
Autonomic control over arousal and climax
which is sympathetic and which is sympathetic
Parasympathetic: arousal (pelvic splenech)
Sympathetic: climax (inferior mesenteric)
Lower gi urination has sympathetic from where and parasympathetic from where
Sympathetic: from inferior mesenteric
Para: pelvic splenich
what are preganglionic and post ganglionic for sympathetic
pre: cholinergic nicotinic
Post: alpha and beta receptors
what are preganglionic and post ganglionic for parasympathetic
pre: cholinergic-nicotinic
post: cholinergic-muscarinic,
What are two classes of cholinergic receptors
A receptor that opperates as Ach as its neurotransmitter
nicotinic
muscarinic
What are the two adrenergic receptors and what do they do
Alpha
- excitatory except in GI tract
- Type 1 and 2: vasoconstriction
Beta:
- inhibitory (except in heart)
- type 1 and 2: vasodilation
Alpha one adrenergic
Tubular organs (vasculature and GI tube)
- post synaptic sympathetic
- Vascular is excitatory (vasoconstriction)
- GI inhibitory (paralytic)
Alpha 2 adrenergic
CNS
- Presynaptic sympathetic (decreases catecholamines)
- decreases sympathetic tone
- calm central nervous system down
Beta 1 adrenergic
Heart
- post synaptic sympathetic (cardiac)
- excitatory to heart, more pumping!
Beta 2 adrenergic
lungs
-postsynaptic sympathetic inhibitory (vasodilation, bronchodilation)
paralyzes smooth muscle in teachea and bronchi to allow air in and out
paralyze vascular smooth muscle to allow for vasodilation to oxygenate the blood
Dorsal horn problem =
sense (afferent)problem
ventral horn problem
paralysis/motor(efferent) problem
polio
all synaptic areas and cell bodies to help synapsies
grey matter
where is white matter where is grey matter
white outside
grey inside
what is in the white matter
axons go up and down
Stretch reflex:
synapses:
Stimulus:
Afferent fiber:
Response:
Knee Jerk
synapses: Monosynaptyic
Stimulus: muscle stretching stimulates it
Afferent fiber: Ia
Response: contraction of muscle
Golgi tendon reflex:
synapses:
Stimulus:
Afferent fiber:
Response:
clasp knife
synapses: disynaptic
Stimulus: muscle contracts
Afferent fiber: Ib
Response: relaxation of the muscle
Flexor-withdrawl reflex:
synapses:
Stimulus:
Afferent fiber:
Response:
synapses: polysynaptic
Stimulus: pain
Afferent fiber: II, III, IV
Response: ipsilateral flexion, contralateral extension
Bicep reflex:
Spinal level
Motor function
Spinal level: c5
Motor function: deltoid
Brachioradialis Reflex:
Spinal level
Motor function
Spinal level: C6
Motor function: wrist extension
Triceps reflex:
Spinal level
Motor function
Spinal level: C7
Motor function: wrist flexion
Patellar reflex:
Spinal level
Motor function
Spinal level: L-4
Motor function: quadraceps
Foot reflex:
Spinal level
Motor function
Spinal level: L5
Motor function: dorsiflex
Achilles reflex:
Spinal level
Motor function
Spinal level: S1
Motor function: plantar flexion
Which fiber type is the biggest fastest
A-alpha: motorneurons
larger is faster
Which fiber type is the smallest and slowest
C fibers: pain
Pain and temp are smaller or faster fibers
smaller
pressure, touch, vibration
bigger faster
What does the golgi tendon organ do?
prevents us from having overstretch by inhibiting alpha motor neurons
The dorsal column(lemniscal system)
does what?
High sensitivity
Touch Vibration movement against the skin position pressure
What are the three components of the lemniscal system and what do they do?
Pacinian: vibration
Merkels: pressure
Meissner’s: skin
What does the antrolateral system do
hold large tracks and move bulk of nervous system information
pain thermal crude touch and pressure(poor localization) tickle and itch sexual sensation
What are the two components of the dorsal/posterior column
fasciculus gracilis
Fasiculus cuneatus
Upper motor neuron defects
Hyperactive nerve
Spastic paralysis Little atrophy no fibrilations hyperreflexia positive babinski
Lower motor neuron defect
Hypoactive nerve/damage to peripheral nerve
Atrophy Flaccid paralysis Fibrillations Hyporeflexia Negative babinski
What disease follows both Upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron defects
A mylotrophic lateral sclerosis
mixed presentation
What are the two places that do not have a BBB
eye and diencephalon
Fast pain fibers
mediated through-to where
what type of pain?
mediated through brainstem up to the somatic homunculus (sensory)
localized pain
have to go furtherest so have to be fastest
Slow pain fibers
go where
what type of pain?
To the thalamus to cause thalamic pain (non localized pain)
What happens in the reticular formation
- both fast and slow fibers go through here
- during the day it collects information
- aurosal center of brain
- at night it clears itself for the next day
What can pass through the blood brain barrier and what cant
Fat soluble substances and gases go through easily
Everything else has to be transported by a carrier
(water soluble)
What are the choroid plexi and where do they live
live in areas of the ventricular system
they make CSF
Lateral ventricles
Ventricles 1 and 2
Make CSF up high
Ventricles 3 and 4
make csf down low
how does communication between ventricles happen
cerebral aquaduct and formena of luschki and magendie
circulate CSF to brain and spinal cord
where is magnesium with resting membrane potential
where is calcium?
magnesium is inside
calcium is outside
When do you get an action potential in the peripheral nervous system
reached at threshhold 1:1 relationship
central nervous system when do you get an action potential
voting system
need so many yes votes to get an action potential
enough post synaptic firing to cause a new AP
EPSP
Inhibition of action potential due to hyperpolarizaation
doesnt matter how many yeses
IPSP
what is the receptor/ generator potential
what it take to cause a membrane to reach threshhold so that you get an AP
-can be adapted, the longer you activate them the more it reaches threshold
