Neuro - Anat & Phys (Dermatomes & Reflexes) Flashcards
Pg. 469-471 in First Aid 2014 Sections include: -Landmark dermatomes -Clinical reflexes -Primitive reflexes
What is a way to remember the location of the landmark dermatome C2?
C2 - Posterior half of a skull “cap”
What is a way to remember the location of the landmark dermatome C3?
C3- High turtleneck shirt
What is a way to remember the location of the landmark dermatome C4?
C4 - Low-collar shirt
What is a way to remember the location of the landmark dermatome T4?
T4 - At the nipple; Think: “T4 at the TEAT PORE”
What is a way to remember the location of the landmark dermatome T7?
T7 - At the xiphoid process
What is a way to remember the location of the landmark dermatome T10?
T10 - At the umbilicus (important for early appendicitis pain referral); Think: “T10 at the belly butTEN”
What is a way to remember the location of the landmark dermatome L1?
L1 - At the inguinal ligament; Think: “L1 is IL (Inguinal Ligament)”
What is a way to remember the location of the landmark dermatome L4?
L4 - Includes the kneecaps; Think: “Down on ALL 4’s (L4)”
What is a way to remember the location of the landmark dermatome S2, 3, 4?
S2, 3, 4 - Erection and sensation of penile anal zones; Think: “S2, 3, 4 keep the penis off the floor”
Where is diaphragm pain referred, and via which nerve? What other organ’s pain is referred to this same area?
Diaphragm and gallbladder pain referred to the right shoulder via the phrenic nerve
Draw a human body and label the following landmark dermatomes: C2, C3, C4, T4, T7, T10, L1, L4, S2, S3. Shade in dermatomes based on region (i.e., cervical, thoracic, etc.) and fill in additional dermatomes (including V1-V3).
See p. 469 in First Aid 2014 for visual at bottom left
With what nerve root is the biceps reflex associated?
Biceps = C5 nerve root
With what nerve root is the triceps reflex associated?
Triceps = C7 nerve root
With what nerve root is the patella reflex associated?
Patella = L4 nerve root
With what nerve root is the achilles reflex associated?
Achilles = S1 nerve root
Draw a stick figure, labeling the nerve roots according to the locations of the reflexes with which they are associated.
See p. 470 in First Aid 2014 for visual at top left
What is a way to remember the nerve roots of all the important clinical reflexes?
Reflexes count up in order: S1, 2 - “buckle my shoes” (Achilles reflex); L3, 4 - “kick the door” (Patellar reflex); C5, 6 - “pick up sticks” (Biceps reflex); C7, 8 - “lay them straight” (Triceps reflex); Additional reflexes: L1, L2 - “testicles move” (Cremaster reflex); S3, S4 - “winks galore” (Anal wink reflex)
With what nerve root(s) is the cremaster reflex associated?
L1, L2 - “testicles move” (cremaster reflex)
With what nerve root(s) is the anal wink reflex associated?
S3, S4 - “winks galore” (anal wink reflex)
In what patient populations are primitive reflexes found versus not found, and why?
Primitive reflexes: CNS reflexes that are present in a healthy infant, but are absent in a neurologically intact adult. Normally disappear within 1st year of life. These “primitive” reflexes are inhibited by a mature/developing frontal lobe. They may reemerge in adults following frontal lobe lesions –> loss of inhibition of these reflexes
What is the Moro reflex? What is a nickname for it?
“Hang on for life” reflex - abduct/extend arms when startled, and then draw together
What is the Rooting reflex? What is the significance of this?
Movement of head toward one side if cheek or mouth is stroked (nipple seeking)
What is the Sucking reflex?
Sucking response when roof of mouth is touched
What is the Palmar reflex?
Curling of fingers if palm is stroked
