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FA - Neurology > Neuro - Anat & Phys (Cranial nerves anatomy) > Flashcards

Neuro - Anat & Phys (Cranial nerves anatomy) Flashcards

Pg. 472-473 in First Aid 2014 Sections include: -Cranial nerves -Cranial nerve nuclei -Cranial nerve reflexes -Vagal nuclei -Cranial nerve and vessel pathways

1
Q

What is the name and function of CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve; Smell (only CN without thalamic relay to cortex)

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2
Q

What is the only CN without thalamic relay to cortex?

A

Olfactory (CN I)

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3
Q

What is the name and function of CN II?

A

Optic nerve; Sight

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4
Q

What is the name and 4 functions of CN III?

A

Oculomotor nerve; (1) Eye movement (SR, IR, MR, IO), (2) Pupillary constriction (sphincter pupillae; Edinger-Westphal nucleus, muscarinic receptors), (3) Accommodation, (4) Eyelid opening (levator palpebrae)

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5
Q

What is the name and function of CN IV?

A

Trochlear nerve; Eye movement (SO)

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6
Q

What is the name and 3 functions of CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve; (1) Mastication, (2) Facial sensation (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular divisions), (3) Somatosensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

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7
Q

What is the name and function of CN VI?

A

Abducens nerve; Eye movement (LR)

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8
Q

What is the name and 6 functions of CN VII?

A

Facial nerve; (1) Facial movement, (2) Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, (3) Lacrimation, (4) Salivation (submandibular and sublingual glands), (5) Eyelid closing (orbicularis oculis), (6) Stapedius muscle in ear (note: nerve courses through parotid gland, but does not innervate it)

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9
Q

Through which structure does CN VII course through, although it does not innervate it?

A

nerve courses through parotid gland, but does not innervate it

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10
Q

What is the name and 2 functions of CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve; (1) Hearing, (2) Balance

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11
Q

What is the name and 5 functions of CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve; (1) Taste and somatosensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue, (2) Swallowing, (3) Salivation (parotid gland), (4) Monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroceptors, and (5) Stylopharyngeus (elevates pharynx, larynx)

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12
Q

What is the name and 8 functions of CN X?

A

Vagus nerve; (1) Taste from epiglottic region, (2) Swallowing, (3) Soft palate elevation, (4) Midline uvula, (5) Talking, (6) Coughing, (7) Thoracoabdominal viscera, (8) Monitoring aortic arch chemo- and baroreceptors

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13
Q

What is the name and 2 functions of CN XI?

A

Accessory nerve; (1) Head turning, (2) Shoulder shrugging (SCM, trapezius)

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14
Q

What is the name and function of CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal; Tongue movement

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15
Q

State whether the 12 cranial nerves are Motor, Sensory, or Both.

A

(1) Sensory (2) Sensory (3) Motor (4) Motor (5) Both (6) Motor (7) Both (8) Sensory (9) Both (10) Both (11) Motor (12) Motor; Think: “Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most”

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16
Q

In general, where are most of the cranial nerve nuclei located?

A

Located in tegmentum portion of brain stem (between dorsal and ventral portions)

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17
Q

Which 2 CN’s have nuclei in the midbrain?

A

Midbrain - nuclei of CN III, IV

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18
Q

Which 4 CN’s have nuclei in the pons?

A

Pons - nuclei of CN V, VI, VII, VIII

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19
Q

Which 3 CN’s have nuclei in the medulla?

A

Medulla - nuclei of CN IX, X, XII

20
Q

Which CN has its nucleus in the spinal cord?

A

Spinal cord - nucleus of CN XI

21
Q

In nervous system development, what structure separates sensory versus motor neurons? What are the names of the plates containing each type of these neurons? How do they correlate to cranial nerve nuclei?

A

Sulcus limitans; Lateral nuclei = sensory (aLar plate); Medial nuclei = Motor (basal plate)

22
Q

Name 5 cranial nerve reflexes.

A

(1) Corneal (2) Lacrimation (3) Jaw jerk (4) Pupillary (5) Gag

23
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the Corneal reflex?

A

Afferent: V1 ophthalmic (nasociliary branch); Efferent: VII (temporal branch: orbicularis oculi)

24
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the Lacrimation reflex?

A

Afferent: V1 (loss of reflex does not preclude emotional tears); Efferent: VII

25
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the Jaw jerk reflex?

A

Afferent: V3 (sensory - muscle spindle from masseter); Efferent: V3 (motor - masseter)

26
Q

Does loss of the Lacrimation reflex preclude emotional tears?

A

Afferent: V1 (loss of reflex does not preclude emotional tears); Efferent: VII

27
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the Pupillary reflex?

A

Afferent: II; Efferent: III

28
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the Gag reflex?

A

Afferent: IX; Efferent: X

29
Q

What are 3 Vagal nuclei?

A

(1) Nucleus solitarius (2) Nucleus ambiguus (3) Dorsal motor nucleus

30
Q

What is the general function of the Nucleus Solitarius? Give 3 examples of this function. What CN’s are associated with it?

A

Visceral Sensory information (e.g., taste, baroreceptors, gut distention); VII, IX, X; Think: “Solitarium = Sensory”

31
Q

What is the general function of the Nucleus Ambiguus? Give 2 examples of this function. What CN’s are associated with it?

A

Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus (e.g., swallowing, palate elevation); IX, X, XI (cranial portion)

32
Q

What is the function of the Dorsal motor nucleus? What CN is associated with it?

A

Sends autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers to heart, lungs, and upper GI; X

33
Q

Which CN travels through Cribiform plate?

A

Cribiform plate (CN I)

34
Q

Which CN’s travel through Middle cranial fossa? More specifically, through what other structure do they travel?

A

Middle cranial fossa (CN II-VI) - through sphenoid bone

35
Q

Through which structure does CNII travel? What 2 vessels also pass through this structure?

A

Middle cranial fossa (CN II-VI) - through sphenoid bone: Optic canal (CN II, ophthalmic artery, central retinal vein)

36
Q

Through which structure does CNIII travel? What other CN’s travel with it through this structure? What 5 other vessels/nerves pass through this structure as well?

A

Middle cranial fossa (CN II-VI) - through sphenoid bone: Superior orbital fissure (CN III, IV, V1, VI, ophthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers)

37
Q

Through which structure does CN V2 travel?

A

Middle cranial fossa (CN II-VI) - through sphenoid bone: Foramen Rotundum (CN V2)

38
Q

Through which structure does CN V3 travel?

A

Middle cranial fossa (CN II-VI) - through sphenoid bone: Foramen Ovale (CN V3)

39
Q

Through what structures do the divisions of CN V exit?

A

V1 - Superior orbital fissure; V2 - foramen Rotundum; V3 - foramen Ovale; Think: “divisions of CN V exit owing to Standing Room Only”

40
Q

Through what structure does the Middle meningeal artery travel?

A

Foramen spinosum (Middle meningeal artery)

41
Q

Which CN’s travel through Posterior cranial fossa? More specifically, through what other structure(s) do they travel?

A

Posterior cranial fossa (CN VII-XII) - through temporal or occipital bone

42
Q

Through which structure does CN VII travel? What other CN also passes through this structure?

A

Posterior cranial fossa (CN VII-XII) - through temporal or occipital bone: Internal auditory meatus (CN VII, VIII)

43
Q

Through which structure does CN IX travel? What other CN’s also pass through this structure? What vessel passes through this structure as well?

A

Posterior cranial fossa (CN VII-XII) - through temporal or occipital bone: Jugular foramen (CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein)

44
Q

Through which structure does CN XII travel?

A

Posterior cranial fossa (CN VII-XII) - through temporal or occipital bone: Hypoglossal canal (CN XII)

45
Q

What 3 structures travel through the Foramen magnum?

A

Posterior cranial fossa (CN VII-XII) - through temporal or occipital bone: Foramen magnum (spinal roots of CN XI, brain stem, vertebral arteries)

FA - Neurology (30 decks)

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