Neuro - Anat & Phys (Cerebral cortex functions, Homunculus, & Brain stem surface anatomy) Flashcards

Pg. 455 & 470-471 in First Aid 2014 Sections include: -Cerebral cortex functions -Homunculus -Brain stem-ventral view -Brain stem-dorsal view (cerebellum removed)

1
Q

What is in front of versus behind the Central sulcus?

A

Pre-central: Principal motor area; Post-central: Principal sensory areas

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2
Q

Where is the Principal visual cortex?

A

Occipital lobe

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3
Q

Where is the Primary auditory cortex?

A

Temporal lobe

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4
Q

Where is Motor speech located?

A

Broca area; dominant hemisphere (inferior gyrus of frontal lobe)

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5
Q

Draw the cerebral cortex, labeling its lobes. Also label the locations of the following areas: (1) Frontal eye fields (2) Central sulcus (3) Motor speech (Broca area; dominant hemisphere) (4) Principal visual cortex (5) Principal sensory areas (6) Principal motor area (7) Premotor area (part of extrapyramidal circuit) (8) Associative auditory cortex (Wernicke area; dominant hemisphere) (9) Primary auditory cortex (10) Sylvian fissure (11) Arcuate fasciculus (12) Frontal association areas.

A

See p. 455 in First Aid 2014 for visual at top of page

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6
Q

What does a homonculus show?

A

Topographical representation of motor (shown) and sensory areas in the cerebral cortex.

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7
Q

Explain the distorted appearance of a homonculus. Give 2 examples.

A

Distorted appearance is due to certain body regions that are more richly innervated and thus have increased cortical representation; (1) Hands (2) Face

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8
Q

Draw and briefly label the homonculus.

A

See p. 455 in First Aid 2014 for visual at bottom of page

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9
Q

What are the CN’s that lie medially at the brain stem? What characteristic do they all share?

A

CN’s that lie medially at the brain stem: III, VI, XII; Think: “3(x2) = 6(x2) = 12 (Motor = Medial)”

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10
Q

Draw a ventral view of the brain stem, including and labeling the location of the cranial nerves.

A

See p. 470 in First Aid 2014 for visual at bottom

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11
Q

Draw a ventral view of the brain stem, including and labeling the following structures: (1) Cerebral peduncle (crus cerebri) (2) CN II-XII (label individually) (3) C1 (4) Anterior perforated substance (5) Infundibulum (6) Middle cerebellar peduncle (7) Olfactory bulb (CN 1) (8) Olfactory tract (9) Optic tract (10) Pons (11) Pyramid (12) Pyramidal decussation (13) Mammillary body (14) Tuber cinereum (15 Optic chiasm.

A

See p. 470 in First Aid 2014 for visual at bottom

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12
Q

What are 2 processes with which the pineal gland is associated?

A

Pineal gland: (1) Melatonin secretion (2) Circardian rhythms

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13
Q

What is the major function of the superior versus inferior colliculi?

A

Superior colliculi: Conjugate vertical gaze; Inferior colliculi: Auditory; Think: “your eyes are ABOVE your ears, and the superior colliculus (visual) is ABOVE the inferior colliculus (auditory).”

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14
Q

What is Parinaud syndrome, and what causes it? Give an example of a condition that causes Parinaud syndrome.

A

Paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi (e.g., pinealoma)

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15
Q

Draw a dorsal view of the brain stem (with the cerebellum removed), including and labeling the following structures: (1) 4th ventricle (2) Medulla (3) middle cerebellar peduncles (4) Inferior colliculi (5) Pineal body (6) Superior colliculi (7) Superior cerebellar peduncles.

A

See p. 471 in First Aid 2014 for visual

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16
Q

Where is associative auditory cortex located?

A

Wernicke area; dominant hemisphere (superior gyrus of temporal lobe)