Neuro Flashcards
1st line tx of alzheimers…
cholinesterase inhibitors (donepizil, rivastigmine, galantamine)
Tx of moderate to severe alzheimers…
Memantine (NMDA receptor antagonist)
What drugs should be avoided in alzheimers?
anticholinergics
What stroke location?
Amaurosis fugax
carotid/ophthalmic
What stroke location?
Aphasia, neglect, hemiparesis, gaze preference, homonymous hemianopsia
MCA (MC)
What stroke location?
Leg paresis, hemiplegia, urinary incontinence
ACA
What stroke location?
homonymous hemianopsia
(PCA)
What stroke location?
Coma, cranial nerve palsies, apnea, drop attach, vertigo
Basilar
What stroke location?
Silent, pure motor or sensory stroke, “Dysarthria-Clumsy hand syndrome”, ataxic hemiparesis
lacunar infarct
What type of neurocognitive d/o?
Multi-infarct, usually correlated with a cerebrovascular event and/or cerebrovascular disease
Stepwise deterioration with periods of clinical plateaus
Vascular dimentia
What type of neurocognitive d/o?
Language difficulties, personality changes, and behavioral disturbances
frontotemporal lobe degeneration
What type of neurocognitive d/o?
Gradual, progressive decline in cognitive abilities
Hallucination/delusions
parkinsonian sxs
Lew Body Disease
Episodic vertigo, tinnitius, nausea, hearing loss…
Meniere diesease
acute onset continuous vertigo, hearing loss.
no neuro deficits
preceded by viral illness
labyrinthitis
Vertigo w/out position change
a/w viral illness
no hearing loss/tinnitis
Vestibular neuronitis
pattern of inheritance for essential tremor/intention tremor?
autosomal dominant
Shaking occurs with simple tasks such as tying shoelaces, handwriting, shaving or simply holding hands against gravity
better with EtOH…
essential tremor
1st line for essential tremor
propranolol
Prophylaxis for migraines… (3)
beta blockers, CCBs, TCAs
Tx for parkinsons < 65 yo
DA agonists… bromocriptine, pramipexole, ropinirole
Tx for parkinsons > 65 yo
levodopa/carbidopa
What differentiates focal seizures with loss of awareness from absence seizures?
postictal state
Tx for focal seizures…
phenytoin, carbamazepine
What type of seizure?
brief impairment of consciousness with an abrupt beginning and ending.
patient has no recollection and witnesses commonly miss them
Absence
What type of seizure?
LOC –> rigidity –> convulsions/jerking –> postictal
Tonic-clonic
What type of seizure?
looks like syncope, sudden loss of muscle tone
atonic
What type of seizure?
loss of bodily fxn
jerking in various parts of body
temporary loss of consciousness
clonic
What type of seizure?
Extreme rigidity then immediate LOC
Tonic
What type of seizure?
Muscle jerking, but not the tonic phase, occurs in the morning
myoclonic
Tx for TIA…
ASA, anti-platelet therapy
If carotid stenosis > 70% + TIA.. what can be performed?
carotid endarterectomy
What type of vertigo?
Sudden onset,
intermittent,
nausea/vomiting,
tinnitus, hearing loss,
nystagmus (horizontal with rotary component)
(+) Dix Hallpike
Central Vertigo
