Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 1 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Gyri of the frontal lobe

A

Precental, frontal eye field, and Broca’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Found in the frontal lobe, contains the primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Frontal eye field

A

found in the frontal lobe, responsible for eye movement. Damage to this area will cause a gaze deviation to the ipsilateral side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Found in the frontal lobe, responsible for the motor component of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gyri of the parietal lobe

A

Post central gyrus, Angular gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Post Central Gyrus

A

Found in the parietal lobe, primary somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Angular gyrus

A

found in the parietal lobe, damage to the dominant side will cause Gerstmann’s syndrome and damage to the nondominant side will cause hemispatial neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome

A

Damage to the dominant angular gyrus

  • Trouble with math
  • Can’t identify fingers
  • Can’t distinguish left from right
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Important structures and gyri within the temporal lobe

A

Superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, uncus, and fusiform gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Superior temporal gyrus

A

anteriorly contains the primary auditory cortex, posteriorly contains Wernicke’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hippocampus

A

found within the temporal lobe, responsible for memory formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amygdala

A

found within the temporal lobe, responsible for emotional regulation and decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Uncus

A

found on the medial portion of the temporal lobe, most likely to compress on CNIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fusiform gyrus

A

Found on the temporal lobe, responsible for facial recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Posterior limb of the internal capsule

A

Anterior 2/3rds contains motor fibers of the corticospinal tract
Posterior third contains sensory fibers of the thalamocortical tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Genu of the internal capsule

A

Contains motor fibers of the corticobulbar tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus pathway

A

Vibration and proprioception

  • Ascends in either the fasiculus gracilus (LE) or fasculus cuneatus (UE)
  • 1st Synapse at the ipsilateral medulla in either the nucleus gracilus or cuneatus
  • Decusates at the level of the medulla to the medial lemniscus pathway
  • Second Synapse at the VPL of the thalamus then goes to the primary somatosensory cortex
  • Pathway is damaged in B12 deficiency and tertiary syphilis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Romberg Test

A

Test to determine if damage is in the DCML or cerebellum.

If patient closes their eyes while standing and loses their balance, indicates that they have a DCML lesion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Pain and temp
1st synapse at the ipsilateral posterior grey horn
Decusates at that level via the anterior white commisure
Ascends contralaterally in the later white matter
2nd synapse at the VPL of the thalamus
Continues to the primary somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Syringomyelia

A

Compression of the anterior white commisure by CSF pocket

loss of pain and temp bilaterally at the levels involved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

Starts at the primary motor cortex
Descends through the internal capsule
Decusates at the medullary pyramids
Continues down via the posterior lateral white matter
1st Synapse at the anterior grey horn
motor neuron leaves through anterior root

Anterior grey horn is damage in Polio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PaCO2 effect on cerebral blood flow

A

Low paCO2 causes cerebral vasocontriction and decreased ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ICH in neonates

A

Germinal matrix hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Kluver Bucy Syndrome

A

Bilateral damage to amygdala

Hyperphagia, hyperorality, hypersexuality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Input: optic nerve Sight Output: Occipital lobe
26
medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Input: auditory pathway Hearing Output: auditory corex
27
Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
Input: spinothalamic and dorsal column Pain, temp, vibration, proprioception Output: Primary sensory cortex
28
Ventral posteromedial nucleus thalamus
Taste and trigeminal pathways Taste and sensation from the face Primary sensory cortex
29
Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus
Cerebellum and basal ganglia Motor info Motor cortex
30
Anterior hypothalamiuc nucleus
Decreases body temp in states of hyperthermia
31
Posterior hypothalamic nucleus
Increases body temp in cases of hypothermia
32
Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
Mediates hunger
33
Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
mediates satiety
34
Supraoptic hypothalamic nucleus
ADH
35
Suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nucleus
Circadian rhythm
36
Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus
Secretion of dopamine, GNRH, and GH
37
Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus
Oxytocin
38
Features of midbrain on histology
Cerebral crura Red nucleus Substantia nigra
39
Features of pons on histology
Transverse pontine fibers
40
Solitary nucleus
Sensory info from VII. IX, and X | Pons and Medulla
41
Features of the medulla on histology
Inferior olivary nucleus
42
Dorsal Motor nucleus
CNX parasympathetic motor to viscera | Medulla
43
Nucleus ambiguus
CN IX and X motor info to somatics | Medulla
44
Contents of cavernous sinus
CN III, IV, VI, V1 and V2 | Internal carotid
45
CNIII functions
Eye movement Eye lid elevation Pupillary constriction Accomodation
46
CNV functions
Sensations of face Sensation of anterior 2/3rd of tongue (not taste) Muscles of mastication
47
CN VII functions
``` Motor to face Taste for anterior 2/3rds Lacrimal motor Close eyes Sublingual and submandibular motor Auditory modulation ```
48
CN IX Functions
Afferent gag reflex Pharyngeal elevation Swallow Chem and baro receptors of the carotid bodies Parotid gland motor taste and sensation of posterior 1/3rd of tongue
49
CN X Functions
``` Efferent gag Chem and baro of aortic arch Swallow soft palate and uvula elevation parasympathetics to thorax and abdominal viscera ```
50
CN V tract
Proprioception and vibratory fibers run to the principal nucleus in pons Pain and temp fibers run to the spinal trigeminal nucleus Both tracts decusate after and ascend to the VPM of the thalamus
51
CNVII tract
Facial nucleus contains upper and lower segments Upper segment has dual innervation from both sides of the cortex. Damage to the right cortex would only result in paralysis of the lower left face.
52
Lesion to cerebellar hemisphere
Ipsilateral limb intention tremor, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia
53
Lesion to cerebellar vermis
Gait ataxia
54
Lesion to floccularnodular portion of the cerebellum
Nystagmus and gait ataxia
55
Cerebellar nuclei
Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, and Fastigial
56
Spinocerebellar tract
Proprioception information from the spine through the inferior peduncle to the cerebellum
57
Corticopontocerebellar tract
Intention information from primary motor cortex to cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle
58
Cerebellothalamic tract
Proprioceptive information from the cerebellum to the VL of the thalamus via the superior cerebellar peduncle
59
Optic tract lesion
contralateral hononymous hemianopsia and pupillary defect
60
Lateral geniculate nucleus lesion/Optic radiation lesion
contralateral hononymous hemianopsia
61
Meyer's loop lesion
Contralateral upper quandrantanopia | "Pie in the sky defect"
62
Visual Cortex lesion
Contralateral hononymous hemanopsia with macular sparing
63
Dorsal optic radiation lesion
Pie in the floor
64
Nightmares occur during
REM
65
Sleep terrors occur during
non REM slow wave sleep (stage 3) in first third of the night
66
Serotonin releasing nucleus
Raphe nuclei
67
Norepi secreting neurons
locus ceruleus
68
Lesion to optic nerve
Light to ipsilateral pupil causes no effect in either pupil | Light to contralateral pupil causes constriction in both pupils
69
Orbitofrontal cortex
Lesion will cause disinhibition, personality change, and irritability
70
Lateral prefrontal cortex
Executive function (motivation, organization, planning and purposeful action)

Step 1 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions