Immunology

Question 1

Leukotriene B4

Answer 1

Chemotaxis

Question 2

Hyperacute transplant rejection

Answer 2

Minutes to hours, preformed antibodies

Fibrinoid necrosis of the arteries and capillary occlusion

Question 3

Acute transplant rejection

Answer 3

within 6 months
C4d deposition, neutrophilic infiltrate, necrotizing vasculitis
and or
lymphocytic interstitial infiltrate and endotheliitis

Question 4

Chronic transplant rejection

Answer 4

months to years
Vascular wall thickening and luminal narrowing
interstitial fibrosis and parenchymal atrophy

Question 5

Important cytokines in TB

Answer 5

Macrophages secret IL12 when they phagocytose TB, Tcells and NK cells secret IFN-y in response to IL12 which promotes intracellular killing of TB

Question 6

Phenotypic mixing

Answer 6

Virus A and B enter a cell
Released virions from this infected cell contain capsid or envelope proteins from A and B
However the progeny of these virions will either have all A proteins or all B proteins

Question 7

Reassortment

Answer 7

Changes in genomic composition that occur when a host cell is coinfected with two segmented viruses
Progeny of these viruses will contain traits of each virus

Question 8

X linked agammaglobulinemia

Answer 8

lack of CD19/CD20+ B cells