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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

these people are most likely to have a secondary headache

A

age greater than 40

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2
Q

most common presenting symptoms of brain tumor in adults

A

headache, seizures

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3
Q

red flags in history for someone with headache

A

sudden onset, “first or worst headache”, fever, change in LOC

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4
Q

red flags in physical exam for someone with headache

A

age older than 40, neck stiffness, neuro deficits, papilledema

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5
Q

papilledema is the swelling of the

A

optic disc

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6
Q

CT is ordered to look at

A

“hard things” like bone

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7
Q

MRI is ordered to look at

A

soft tissue

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8
Q

characteristics of migraine headache

A 
POUND:
pulsatile
One day duration (4-72 hours)
unilateral
N/V, photophobia
Disabling causing interruption in daily activities
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9
Q

characteristics of tension headache

A

bilateral, tightness/pressure/bandlike, may continue daily activities

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10
Q

characteristics of cluster headache

A

unilateral, excruciating pain that peaks and lasts 30-90 min, unilateral conjunctiva/tearing or rhinorrhea

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11
Q

s/s of temporal arteritis

A

jaw claudication, fever, visual loss, pain in temporal area

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12
Q

s/s of pseudotumor cerebrii

A

transient visual changes, intracranial noise

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13
Q

MOA of triptans

A

cause cerebral artery constriction

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14
Q

caution when giving triptans in those with

A

CAD- can cause coronary artery constriction

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15
Q

s/s of migraine with aura

A

hyperosmia, blurred vision, metallic taste in mouth

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16
Q

common triggers of migraines

A

stress, menses, skipping meals, weather, sleep, odors, ETOH, smoking, foods

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17
Q

prophylaxis meds for migraines

A

beta blockers, topiramate, Depakote

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18
Q

migraine with and without aura increases risk of

A

ischemic stroke

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19
Q

absolute contraindication in women with migraine with aura

A

oral contraceptive use

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20
Q

Women with migraines can have OCP if they meet these criteria

A

less than 35 years old, have migraine without aura, no risk factors for stroke.

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21
Q

triptan education

A

can cause rebound headaches with overuse

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22
Q

s/s of trigeminal neuralgia

A

sharp, piercing, unilateral facial pain

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23
Q

trigeminal neuralgia involves the

A

5th cranial nerve

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24
Q

most important risk factor for temporal arteritis

A

aging (average age is 72)

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25
Q

temporal arteritis is closely linked to

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

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26
Q

Bell’s palsy affects cranial nerve

A

7 (facial)

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27
Q

s/s of Bell’s palsy

A

unilateral droopy eye, facial paralysis or weakness, drooping mouth

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28
Q

duration of bell’s palsy

A

1-3 weeks

29
Q

management of bell’s palsy

A

EYE protection with lubrication and patch

30
Q

peripheral vertigo involves the

A

vestibular system

31
Q

central vertigo involves the

A

brainstem or cerebellum

32
Q

s/s of peripheral vertigo

A

severe vertigo, N/V, lasting less than 1 min; precipitated with positional changes

33
Q

s/s of central vertigo

A

severe vertigo that is long lasting, prolonged nystagmus, impaired gait,

34
Q

most common causes of peripheral vertigo

A

BPPV, Meniere’s disease, vestibular neuritis

35
Q

trx of vertigo

A

antihistamines, benzos

36
Q

characteristics of parkinson’s

A

resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity

37
Q

side effects of levodopa

A

nausea, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension

38
Q

s/s of essential tremor

A

bilateral tremor of hands, arms, head, voice, chin, lip

39
Q

essential tremor rarely involves

A

the lower extremities

40
Q

essential tremor is more apparent with

A

goal directed movements

41
Q

patients report that this makes essential tremor better

A

alcohol

42
Q

trx for essential tremor

A

propranolol or primidone

43
Q

autoimmune disease characterized by weakness in ocular, limb, and respiratory muscles

A

myasthenia gravis

44
Q

trx for mild cognitive impairment

A

No med trx, just exercise

45
Q

New name for dementia

A

major neurocognitive disorder

46
Q

behavior disturbances that accompany dementia

A

restlessness, wandering, agitation, difficulty concentrating

47
Q

how to diagnose dementia

A

no labs or imaging; MMSE test

48
Q

this score on MMSE indicates dementia

A

less than 24

49
Q

differential diagnosis with dementia

A

meds (anticholinergics, sedatives, analgesics), stroke, depression

50
Q

labs to order with dementia

A

CBC, CMP, vitamin B12, folate, TSH

51
Q

CN I

A

olfactory- smell

52
Q

CN II

A

optic - vision

53
Q

CN III

A

occulomotor - eye movements

54
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear- downward, internal rotation of the eye

55
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal- sensation to face, jaw movement

56
Q

CN VI

A

abducens- lateral deviation of eye

57
Q

CN VII

A

facial- facial muscle, taste

58
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear- balance, hearing

59
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal- movement of pharynx

60
Q

CN X

A

vagus- gag reflex

61
Q

CN XI

A

spinal accessory- sternomastoid and trapezius muscle

62
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal- movement of tongue

63
Q

mnemonic for cranial nerve

A

On Old Olympus’s Towering Tops A Finn and German Viewed Some Hops

64
Q

Patellar reflex measures

A

L2-L4

65
Q

Achilles reflex measures

A

L5-S2

66
Q

biceps reflex measures

A

C5-C6

67
Q

triceps reflex measures

A

C6-C7

68
Q

nuchal rigidity

A

when the patient cannot touch chest with chin; positive in meningitis

69
Q

s/s of polymyalgia rheumatica

A

morning stiffness and aching in shoulders, neck, hips, and torso.

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