Genitourinary Flashcards
s/s of pyelonephritis
fever, dysuria, frequency, N/V, unilateral flank pain
s/s of acute renal failure
abrupt onset of oliguria, edema, weight gain, lethargy, decreased appetite
Water is absorbed back into the body by the action of
ADH and aldosterone
oliguria
urine output less than 400 mL per day
kidneys secrete these hormones
erythropoietin (RBC), renin & bradykinin (BP), prostaglandin (renal perfusion), and calcitrol/vitamin D3 (bone)
causes of high BUN
acute renal failure, high-protein diet, CHF
This is not as sensitive as the creatinine or GFR
BUN
Large amounts of this in a urine sample indicate contamination
epithelial cells
This CFU/mL of a certain bacteria is indicative of UTI
greater than 10 to the 5th power
Urine dipsticks only pick up
albumin, not microalbumin
Indicative of urinary infection with E.coli on UA
nitrites
UTI is common in boys during
infancy
Uncomplicated UTI can be treated for
3 days
These patients with UTI are considered complicated
males, diabetics, pregnancy women, children, elderly, those with co-morbids
long term use of nitrofurantoin is associated with
lung problems, chronic hepatitis, neuropathy
If there is more than one kind of bacteria in urine culture, then
the sample is contaminated
The ____ kidney sits lower than the ____ kidney due to displacement by the _____
right; left; liver
risk factors for kidney stones
family hx, low fluid intake, gout, bariatric surgery
s/s of kidney stones
severe colicky flank pain on one side that comes in waves, N/V, hematuria
foods high in oxalate
rhubarb, spinach, beets, chocolate, tea
mnemonic for causes of urinary incontinence
DIAPPERS: delirium Infection Atrophic Vaginitis Pharmaceuticals Psychological Excess urinary output (CHF, hyperglycemia) Restricted mobility Stool impaction
a PVR of more than ___ is considered abnormal
100 mL
med trx for stress incontinence
TCA, estrogen
med trx for urge incontinence
anticholinergics-antimuscarinics
tolterodine tartrate (Detrol) and oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan)
antimuscarinic for urge incontinence
trx for calcium oxalate urinary stones
thiazide diuretic, toradol IM
urinary stones smaller than ___ pass spontaneously
4 mm
_____ are normally found in urine; whereas _____ in urine indicate infection.
nitrates; nitrites
what to think when patient c/o frequency and urgency but has negative UA
pregnancy, STI, atrophic vaginitis, DM
1st choice atbx for UTI
nitrofurantoin
atbx for UTI that is safe in pregnancy
1st choice: nitrofurantoin, 2nd choice: cephalosporin
fluoroquinolone for UTI is not used for
those less than 18, pregnant women
avoid these bladder irritants for those with UTI
caffeine, alcohol, carbonation
caused by detrusor instability
urge incontinence
nonpharm trx for incontinence
weight loss, quit smoking, timed voiding, Kegel exercises, decrease fluids after dinner
risk factors for bladder cancer
age greater than 40, smoking, occupational hx
trx for pyelonephritis
cipro or levo x 14 days
trx for pyelonephritis if allergic to quinolone
ceftriaxone and augmentin
creatinine production is related to
muscle mass
hyaline casts can be caused by
dehydration, vigorous exercise
Crystal casts have
no clinical significance
RBC casts can be caused by
UTI, glomerulonephritis
WBC casts can be caused by
inflammation or infection, pyelonephritis
epithelial casts can be caused by
acute tubular necrosis, hepatitis
