Infectious Disease Flashcards
first generation cephalosporins
cephalexin (Keflex) cefadroxil (Duricef)
second generation cephalosporin
cefuroxime (Ceftin), cefprozil (cefzil)
sulfa drugs
TMP/SMX (bactrim, septra)
primary prevention is
to prevent disease, injury, or condition
personal safety promotion such as wearing a seatbelt, airbag, and helmet is an example of
primary prevention
education about immunization and using sunscreen is an example of
primary prevention
promoting a healthy lifestyle is an example of
primary prevention
secondary prevention is to
detect disease as early as possible
a lab test used to screen for a disease (CBC for anemia) is an example of
secondary prevention
USPSTF and screening mammograms are examples of
secondary prevention
screening for suicide and depression is an example of
secondary prevention
BSE and TSE are examples of
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention is to
limit further harm
cardiac rehab, PT/OT, SLP is an example of
tertiary prevention
an exercise program for an obese person is an example of
tertiary prevention
cancer with the highest morbidity/mortality
lung cancer
most common cause of gynecological cancer
uterine cancer
when to start screening for breast cancer
start at age 50-75 every 2 years
Gluten foods
wheat, rye, barley, oats (breads, cereals, cookies, cakes, pasta)
examples of monounsaturated fats
nuts, olive oil, sunflower seeds
examples of magnesium rich foods
some nuts, whole wheat
examples of potassium rich foods
most fruits (apricot, banana, orange), some veggies (brussel sprouts)
gluten-free foods
rice, corn, potatoes, peanuts, soy, beans
screening for prostate cancer
not recommended
influenza intranasal spray is for those
age 2-49
influenza intranasal spray is contraindicated in those with
asthma, COPD, renal failure, DM; pregnancy; children on ASA therapy
earliest a child can get flu vaccine
6 months
if patient had only one hep B injection, then
complete series; check hep B titers within 60 days of 3rd dose
cause of hand foot and mouth disease
coxsackie A16
hand foot and mouth disease is common in children
less than 5
fifth’s disease is caused by
parovirus B19
s/s of fifth’s disease
prodrome with fever, malaise, sore throat; then rash begins on cheeks and spreads to trunk (lacy rash)
children with fifth’s disease can return to school
during rash phase when afebrile for more than 24 hours.
cause of roseola
human herpes virus 6
higher risk of Cdiff with this atbx
clindamycin
atbx that’s only indication is for community acquired PNA
telithromycin (Ketek)
adverse effects of erythromycin
GI distress
this atbx has a risk of prolong QT intervals (torsades)
macrolides
MOA of beta lactam drugs
have a protective barrier over the beta lactam ring that prevent them from being destroyed by beta lactamase
example of beta lactam drugs
PCN, cephalosporin
first generation cephalosporins have activity against
gram positive bacteria
second generation cephalosporins have activity against
gram positive and gram negative
broad spectrum pcn (amoxicillin and ampicillin) have activity against
gram positive and some gram negative bacteria
some women will c/o this when taking amoxicillin
candida vaginitis; recommend taking with probiotic
cephalosporins that are good for ear infection and sinus infections
cefuroxime (2nd gen) and cefixime (3rd gen)
fluoroquinolones are effective against
gram negative, gram positive, and atypical
ciprofloxacin coverage
narrow spectrum quinolone (gram neg and atypical)
treatment for traveler’s diarrhea
ciprofloxacin 500 mg bid x 3 days
This atbx has the best activity against Pseudomonas aeruoginosa (gram negative)
ciprofloxacin
patients at highest risk of quinolone tendon rupture
those on steroids, those older than 60
sulfonamides have activity against
gram negative bacteria
other sulfa-type drugs
TMP-SMX, thiazide, sulfonyureas, Cox-2 inhibitor
dosing for Hep A vaccine
2 doses at 0 and 6-12 months
dosing for Hep B vaccine
3 doses; first 2 one month apart, third dose 6 months later
Meningitis vaccine for those older than 56
MPSV4
HPV vaccine
for females 19-26 years old and males 9-26 years old. 3 doses at 0, 1-2, and 6 months
3rd generation cephalosporins provide coverage against
weak gram +; gram negative; beta lactamase;
The extended spectrum have better gram +, gram -, and beta lactam coverage
extended spectrum 3rd gen cephalosporins
ceftriaxone (Rocephin), cefdinir (Omnicef), cefpodoxime (Vantin), cefditoren (Spectracef)
regular 3rd gen cephalosporins
ceftibuten (Cedax), cefixime (Suprax)
top 3 gram positive bugs
staph, strept, enterococcus
staphylococcus is mostly a
skin bug
streptococcus is mostly a
throat and lung bug
enterococcus is mostly a
urinary tract bug
other misc gram + bugs
listeria, c. diff, tetanus, anthrax, diptheria
basis of PCN and cephalosporin allergy
each drug has a beta-lactam ring; if the patient has allergy to beta lactam ring, then they are allergic to both ceph and pcn
Never give a cephalosporin to a patient if PCN reaction was
anaphylaxis or hives
Ok to give a cephalosporin to a patient if PCN reaction was
morbilliform rash (maculopapular rash that can sometimes be itchy).
what is beta lactamase?
an enzyme that bacteria produce to destroy the beta lactam ring of an atbx
atbx that provide beta lactam coverage
Augmentin and 3rd gen cephalosporins
Penicillins do NOT cover
staphylococcus
This drug can kill DRSP at high doses
amoxicillin (2g bid in adults and 80-90 mcg/kg/day for children)
Augmentin coverage
gram +, gram -, beta lactamase
how to tell if a bug produce beta-lactamase?
if the patient had an atbx in the past 90 days
sulfonamides provide coverage against
gram negative (not E.coli d/t high resistance) and MRSA
tetracyclines provide coverage against
gram negative, atypicals, and MRSA
Macrolides provide coverage against
atypical pathogens (gram +); not strept or enterococcus d/t high resistance
3rd generation respiratory fluoroquinolones
levofloxacin
4th generation respiratory fluoroquinolones
moxifloxacin (Avelox), gemifloxacin (Factive)
difference in coverage between 3rd and 4th generation respiratory fluoroquinolones
3rd gen provide coverage for gram neg above and below belt; 4th gen only provide coverage for gram neg above the belt
this flouroquinolone should not be used for UTI
4th gen: moxifloxacin (Avelox), gemifloxacin (Factive); only provide gram neg coverage above the belt.
nitrofurantoin concentrates in
bladder
Metronidazole (Flagyl) provides coverage against
gram negative
Lincosamides (clindamycin) provides coverage against
gram positive
Linezolid (Zyvox) provides coverage against
gram positive
vancomycin provides coverage against
gram positive
trx for C.diff
Flagyl or oral vanc (NOT IV so that it can concentrate in gut)
